Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece
The high-temperature heat pump is a favorable technology for aiding the decarbonization of the industrial sector through its electrification. It can produce useful heat up to the range of 100 °C to 200 °C; however, additional steps are needed to develop reliable and highly efficient systems. The obj...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Evangelos Bellos Dimitra Gonidaki Antonios Nazos John K. Kaldellis |
| author_facet | Evangelos Bellos Dimitra Gonidaki Antonios Nazos John K. Kaldellis |
| author_sort | Evangelos Bellos |
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| description | The high-temperature heat pump is a favorable technology for aiding the decarbonization of the industrial sector through its electrification. It can produce useful heat up to the range of 100 °C to 200 °C; however, additional steps are needed to develop reliable and highly efficient systems. The objective of this investigation is the systematic analysis of different operating cases of high-temperature heat pumps for industrial process heat production, from 100 °C up to 180 °C, exploiting waste heat from 50 °C to 100 °C. Moreover, the case of the ambient-source heat pump is studied for different process heat temperatures using an hourly-based analysis of the Greek climate conditions. The final results are evaluated based on energy, economic and environmental criteria to estimate the feasibility of industrial high-temperature heat pumps from a holistic perspective. The results indicate system sustainability for process heat temperatures up to 160 °C and for the scenarios with higher waste heat input temperatures. For the ambient-source high-temperature heat pump, the economically viable scenario was found only for the case of heat production at 100 °C due to the significant efficiency reduction at higher temperatures. Specifically, the COP was found to be up to 1.924 for the ambient-source heat pump and up to 3.285 for the waste heat source heat pump for a waste heat source at 75 °C. The levelized cost of heating was found to be in the range of 0.0562 to 0.0977 EUR/kWh for the ambient-source heat pump and in the range of 0.0377 to 0.0869 EUR/kWh for the waste heat source heat pump. Lastly, both waste heat- and ambient-source-driven heat pumps lead to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions compared to the scenario based on a conventional natural gas boiler. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e14d1fe272be48b3a3ac90b44fc71089 |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e14d1fe272be48b3a3ac90b44fc710892025-08-20T02:30:46ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-01159517110.3390/app15095171Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in GreeceEvangelos Bellos0Dimitra Gonidaki1Antonios Nazos2John K. Kaldellis3Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon & Petrou Ralli, 12244 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon & Petrou Ralli, 12244 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon & Petrou Ralli, 12244 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon & Petrou Ralli, 12244 Athens, GreeceThe high-temperature heat pump is a favorable technology for aiding the decarbonization of the industrial sector through its electrification. It can produce useful heat up to the range of 100 °C to 200 °C; however, additional steps are needed to develop reliable and highly efficient systems. The objective of this investigation is the systematic analysis of different operating cases of high-temperature heat pumps for industrial process heat production, from 100 °C up to 180 °C, exploiting waste heat from 50 °C to 100 °C. Moreover, the case of the ambient-source heat pump is studied for different process heat temperatures using an hourly-based analysis of the Greek climate conditions. The final results are evaluated based on energy, economic and environmental criteria to estimate the feasibility of industrial high-temperature heat pumps from a holistic perspective. The results indicate system sustainability for process heat temperatures up to 160 °C and for the scenarios with higher waste heat input temperatures. For the ambient-source high-temperature heat pump, the economically viable scenario was found only for the case of heat production at 100 °C due to the significant efficiency reduction at higher temperatures. Specifically, the COP was found to be up to 1.924 for the ambient-source heat pump and up to 3.285 for the waste heat source heat pump for a waste heat source at 75 °C. The levelized cost of heating was found to be in the range of 0.0562 to 0.0977 EUR/kWh for the ambient-source heat pump and in the range of 0.0377 to 0.0869 EUR/kWh for the waste heat source heat pump. Lastly, both waste heat- and ambient-source-driven heat pumps lead to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions compared to the scenario based on a conventional natural gas boiler.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5171industrial processprocess heatindustrial heat pumpfeasibility studyhigh-temperature heat pumps |
| spellingShingle | Evangelos Bellos Dimitra Gonidaki Antonios Nazos John K. Kaldellis Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece Applied Sciences industrial process process heat industrial heat pump feasibility study high-temperature heat pumps |
| title | Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece |
| title_full | Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece |
| title_short | Feasibility Analysis of Industrial High-Temperature Heat Pumps in Greece |
| title_sort | feasibility analysis of industrial high temperature heat pumps in greece |
| topic | industrial process process heat industrial heat pump feasibility study high-temperature heat pumps |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5171 |
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