Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones
Each generation of mobile communications introduces new frequency spectrums and new communication systems to increase user’s experienced data rates. For instance, the fifth-generation (5G) communication introduces the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\ti...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Kin-Lu Wong Chia-Ying Wu Wan-Ting Li Wei-Yu Li |
| author_facet | Kin-Lu Wong Chia-Ying Wu Wan-Ting Li Wei-Yu Li |
| author_sort | Kin-Lu Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Each generation of mobile communications introduces new frequency spectrums and new communication systems to increase user’s experienced data rates. For instance, the fifth-generation (5G) communication introduces the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system (4 receive antennas for 4 spatial streams) for mobile devices such as the smartphone, especially in 3.3-5.0 GHz in the mid-band, to achieve increased data rates for the user. Also, the MIMO antennas are generally deployed along the frame of the smartphone. For future six-generation (6G) communications, the new spectrum of 6.425-8.4 GHz in the upper mid-band is envisioned as a potential 6G prime mobile spectrum. Additionally, higher-order MIMO operations such as the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO (eight receive antennas for four spatial streams) are promising for 6G smartphones to achieve increased data rates for the user. In this study, to conveniently employ 5G mid-band/6G upper mid-band MIMO antennas in future smartphones, we introduce for the first time hybrid MIMO antennas comprising 4 frame antennas provided by two ultra-wideband (UWB) frame conjoined two-antenna (FC2A) elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and four backcover antennas provided by a low-profile backcover four-antenna (B4A) module or modular MIMO antennas in 6.425-8.4 GHz. The four frame antennas not only operate for 5G mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO in 3.3-5.0 GHz but also can combine with four backcover antennas to operate for 6G upper mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO in 6.425-8.4 GHz. We address details of the hybrid MIMO antennas formed by the FC2A element and B4A module in this study. We also apply the fabricated hybrid MIMO antennas in the mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and upper mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO systems in the outdoor field test to evaluate their MIMO performance for 5G/6G smartphones. The results obtained demonstrate that the hybrid MIMO antennas are promising for the deployment of 5G/6G MIMO antennas in future smartphones. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e14ad3429d35493bb272fc464e03e7c2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e14ad3429d35493bb272fc464e03e7c22025-08-20T03:19:47ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113916119162410.1109/ACCESS.2025.357372111015784Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G SmartphonesKin-Lu Wong0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3060Chia-Ying Wu1Wan-Ting Li2Wei-Yu Li3Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInformation and Communications Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, TaiwanEach generation of mobile communications introduces new frequency spectrums and new communication systems to increase user’s experienced data rates. For instance, the fifth-generation (5G) communication introduces the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system (4 receive antennas for 4 spatial streams) for mobile devices such as the smartphone, especially in 3.3-5.0 GHz in the mid-band, to achieve increased data rates for the user. Also, the MIMO antennas are generally deployed along the frame of the smartphone. For future six-generation (6G) communications, the new spectrum of 6.425-8.4 GHz in the upper mid-band is envisioned as a potential 6G prime mobile spectrum. Additionally, higher-order MIMO operations such as the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO (eight receive antennas for four spatial streams) are promising for 6G smartphones to achieve increased data rates for the user. In this study, to conveniently employ 5G mid-band/6G upper mid-band MIMO antennas in future smartphones, we introduce for the first time hybrid MIMO antennas comprising 4 frame antennas provided by two ultra-wideband (UWB) frame conjoined two-antenna (FC2A) elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and four backcover antennas provided by a low-profile backcover four-antenna (B4A) module or modular MIMO antennas in 6.425-8.4 GHz. The four frame antennas not only operate for 5G mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO in 3.3-5.0 GHz but also can combine with four backcover antennas to operate for 6G upper mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO in 6.425-8.4 GHz. We address details of the hybrid MIMO antennas formed by the FC2A element and B4A module in this study. We also apply the fabricated hybrid MIMO antennas in the mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and upper mid-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO systems in the outdoor field test to evaluate their MIMO performance for 5G/6G smartphones. The results obtained demonstrate that the hybrid MIMO antennas are promising for the deployment of 5G/6G MIMO antennas in future smartphones.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015784/Mobile antennasMIMO antennashybrid MIMO antennasconjoined two-element elementsbackcover four-antenna modulemodular MIMO antennas |
| spellingShingle | Kin-Lu Wong Chia-Ying Wu Wan-Ting Li Wei-Yu Li Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones IEEE Access Mobile antennas MIMO antennas hybrid MIMO antennas conjoined two-element elements backcover four-antenna module modular MIMO antennas |
| title | Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones |
| title_full | Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones |
| title_fullStr | Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones |
| title_short | Hybrid MIMO Antennas Comprising Ultra- Wideband Frame Conjoined Two-Antenna Elements in 3.3-8.4 GHz and Low-Profile Backcover Four-Antenna Module in 6.425-8.4 GHz for 5G/6G Smartphones |
| title_sort | hybrid mimo antennas comprising ultra wideband frame conjoined two antenna elements in 3 3 8 4 ghz and low profile backcover four antenna module in 6 425 8 4 ghz for 5g 6g smartphones |
| topic | Mobile antennas MIMO antennas hybrid MIMO antennas conjoined two-element elements backcover four-antenna module modular MIMO antennas |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015784/ |
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