Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran

Abstract This study assesses the impact of land-use and climate change on hydrological regime of three dam watersheds (Karaj, Latian and Mamlu) in Alborz and Tehran Provinces of Iran. Daily precipitation and temperature data from CMIP6 are transiently downscaled to ten climatic stations using the LA...

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Main Authors: Mostafa Naderi, Fereshteh Talebi Ardeh, Farzaneh Abedi, Zohreh Masoumi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Water Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02396-3
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author Mostafa Naderi
Fereshteh Talebi Ardeh
Farzaneh Abedi
Zohreh Masoumi
author_facet Mostafa Naderi
Fereshteh Talebi Ardeh
Farzaneh Abedi
Zohreh Masoumi
author_sort Mostafa Naderi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study assesses the impact of land-use and climate change on hydrological regime of three dam watersheds (Karaj, Latian and Mamlu) in Alborz and Tehran Provinces of Iran. Daily precipitation and temperature data from CMIP6 are transiently downscaled to ten climatic stations using the LARS-WG under global warming scenarios SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. The Cellular Automata-Markov-chain machine learning is used to simulate future land-use maps (2021–2080) by training and testing its multilayer perceptron neural network with observed land-use change during the period 1995–2015. The study area will experience warming by 0.78, 2.1, and 2.4 °C under SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, respectively, and precipitation anomalies by +129.3, −95.6, and −54.2 mm, respectively, compared to the baseline period 1991–2014. Extreme precipitation depth will increase at all stations under SSP1-1.9. However, precipitation change depends on the storm’s return period, station, and scenario under warmer scenarios. The SWAT-predicted river flow over three watersheds will increase, compared to the baseline period, under SSP1-1.9 but decrease under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Among combinations of land-use and climate change scenarios, land-use scenario High under SSP1-1.9 leads to greatest annual streamflow, while no change in land-use under SSP2-4.5 results in maximum reduction in streamflow over three watersheds. Extreme flows over Karaj and Latian watersheds show no sensitivity to different land-use scenarios due to negligible land-use development in future but they still are sensitive to climate change scenarios. Meanwhile, extreme flows over Mamlu watershed show significant sensitivity to both land-use and climate change scenarios due to significant land-use change in future.
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spelling doaj-art-e14a852e318f49688347d0d40e6ec4ad2025-08-20T03:41:50ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952025-02-0115312910.1007/s13201-025-02396-3Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of IranMostafa Naderi0Fereshteh Talebi Ardeh1Farzaneh Abedi2Zohreh Masoumi3Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)Abstract This study assesses the impact of land-use and climate change on hydrological regime of three dam watersheds (Karaj, Latian and Mamlu) in Alborz and Tehran Provinces of Iran. Daily precipitation and temperature data from CMIP6 are transiently downscaled to ten climatic stations using the LARS-WG under global warming scenarios SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. The Cellular Automata-Markov-chain machine learning is used to simulate future land-use maps (2021–2080) by training and testing its multilayer perceptron neural network with observed land-use change during the period 1995–2015. The study area will experience warming by 0.78, 2.1, and 2.4 °C under SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, respectively, and precipitation anomalies by +129.3, −95.6, and −54.2 mm, respectively, compared to the baseline period 1991–2014. Extreme precipitation depth will increase at all stations under SSP1-1.9. However, precipitation change depends on the storm’s return period, station, and scenario under warmer scenarios. The SWAT-predicted river flow over three watersheds will increase, compared to the baseline period, under SSP1-1.9 but decrease under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Among combinations of land-use and climate change scenarios, land-use scenario High under SSP1-1.9 leads to greatest annual streamflow, while no change in land-use under SSP2-4.5 results in maximum reduction in streamflow over three watersheds. Extreme flows over Karaj and Latian watersheds show no sensitivity to different land-use scenarios due to negligible land-use development in future but they still are sensitive to climate change scenarios. Meanwhile, extreme flows over Mamlu watershed show significant sensitivity to both land-use and climate change scenarios due to significant land-use change in future.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02396-3Land-use and climate changeMachine learningCMIP6Extreme flowWatershedIran
spellingShingle Mostafa Naderi
Fereshteh Talebi Ardeh
Farzaneh Abedi
Zohreh Masoumi
Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran
Applied Water Science
Land-use and climate change
Machine learning
CMIP6
Extreme flow
Watershed
Iran
title Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran
title_full Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran
title_fullStr Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran
title_full_unstemmed Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran
title_short Impact of land-use and climate change on future extreme flows: a study for three dam watersheds in Alborz and Tehran provinces of Iran
title_sort impact of land use and climate change on future extreme flows a study for three dam watersheds in alborz and tehran provinces of iran
topic Land-use and climate change
Machine learning
CMIP6
Extreme flow
Watershed
Iran
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02396-3
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