High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein

BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 pandemic, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies was urgently necessary, especially with the emerging Delta variants. Previous existing interventions have some limitations, and passive immunization using immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is considered viable. However, the p...

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Main Authors: Kamaluddin Zarkasie, Teridah Ernala Ginting, Andrea Hynan Poeloengan, Febi Andriani, Aksar Chair Lages, Vina Cornelia, Anggah Nugraha, Bustanur Rosidi, Setyarina Indrasari, Chairul Anwar Nidom, Irawan Yusuf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Secretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical Journal 2025-08-01
Series:Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Online Access:https://inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/3693
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author Kamaluddin Zarkasie
Teridah Ernala Ginting
Andrea Hynan Poeloengan
Febi Andriani
Aksar Chair Lages
Vina Cornelia
Anggah Nugraha
Bustanur Rosidi
Setyarina Indrasari
Chairul Anwar Nidom
Irawan Yusuf
author_facet Kamaluddin Zarkasie
Teridah Ernala Ginting
Andrea Hynan Poeloengan
Febi Andriani
Aksar Chair Lages
Vina Cornelia
Anggah Nugraha
Bustanur Rosidi
Setyarina Indrasari
Chairul Anwar Nidom
Irawan Yusuf
author_sort Kamaluddin Zarkasie
collection DOAJ
description BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 pandemic, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies was urgently necessary, especially with the emerging Delta variants. Previous existing interventions have some limitations, and passive immunization using immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is considered viable. However, the potential of IgY antibodies remains underexplored locally. Therefore, a feasible study was conducted to produce IgY against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant from chickens raised on a farm, instead of a laboratory environment, by using in-house recombinant protein, to offer a promising low-cost alternative for passive immunization. METHODS: In-house HEK293 cell line was produced by secreting recombinant S1 subunit protein of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. The protein was confirmed by western blot and used as an immunogen in two chickens. IgY was extracted from egg yolks. Titers and neutralization activity of IgY against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). The functionality of IgY was then tested on lysates from COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal swabs with dot blot method. RESULTS: The high anti-S1 IgY titers and neutralization activity was confirmed following immunization with 1 mg immunogen at 2–3-week intervals. IgY titers varied between chickens and time points. The mean titers showed significant increase after the fifth immunization (1.21, 1.72 and 1.48; with p<0.05 for all). Neutralization activity appeared after the second immunization and was significant after the third immunization (31.9%, 34.95%, 26.9%, 47.6%, 54.95% and 57.3%; with p<0.05 for all). The results of this study showed that the extracted IgY reacted to COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal swabs lysates. CONCLUSION: A high-yield and functional IgY anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant can be produced from chicken immunized with an in-house recombinant protein. This can be an alternative for affordable and effective IgY production during public health emergencies. KEYWORDS: IgY, SARS-CoV-2, S1 subunit protein, egg yolk, chicken
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record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-e13d94931f7242839c299d28640562c32025-08-26T04:21:46ZengSecretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical JournalIndonesian Biomedical Journal2085-32972355-91792025-08-011743637210.18585/inabj.v17i4.3693648High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant ProteinKamaluddin Zarkasie0Teridah Ernala Ginting1Andrea Hynan Poeloengan2Febi Andriani3Aksar Chair Lages4Vina Cornelia5Anggah Nugraha6Bustanur Rosidi7Setyarina Indrasari8Chairul Anwar Nidom9Irawan Yusuf10PT IPB Shigeta Animal Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Bogor 16680Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medical Science Group, Jl. Boulevard Jenderal Sudirman 1688, Tangerang 15811National Resilience Institute of Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Medan Merdeka Sel. No.10-11, Jakarta 10110Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medical Science Group, Jl. Boulevard Jenderal Sudirman 1688, Tangerang 15811Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medical Science Group, Jl. Boulevard Jenderal Sudirman 1688, Tangerang 15811Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medical Science Group, Jl. Boulevard Jenderal Sudirman 1688, Tangerang 15811PT IPB Shigeta Animal Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Bogor 16680Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medical Science Group, Jl. Boulevard Jenderal Sudirman 1688, Tangerang 15811Professor Nidom Foundation, Wisma Permai Tengah I, Surabaya 60115Professor Nidom Foundation, Wisma Permai Tengah I, Surabaya 60115Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medical Science Group, Jl. Boulevard Jenderal Sudirman 1688, Tangerang 15811BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 pandemic, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies was urgently necessary, especially with the emerging Delta variants. Previous existing interventions have some limitations, and passive immunization using immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is considered viable. However, the potential of IgY antibodies remains underexplored locally. Therefore, a feasible study was conducted to produce IgY against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant from chickens raised on a farm, instead of a laboratory environment, by using in-house recombinant protein, to offer a promising low-cost alternative for passive immunization. METHODS: In-house HEK293 cell line was produced by secreting recombinant S1 subunit protein of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. The protein was confirmed by western blot and used as an immunogen in two chickens. IgY was extracted from egg yolks. Titers and neutralization activity of IgY against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). The functionality of IgY was then tested on lysates from COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal swabs with dot blot method. RESULTS: The high anti-S1 IgY titers and neutralization activity was confirmed following immunization with 1 mg immunogen at 2–3-week intervals. IgY titers varied between chickens and time points. The mean titers showed significant increase after the fifth immunization (1.21, 1.72 and 1.48; with p<0.05 for all). Neutralization activity appeared after the second immunization and was significant after the third immunization (31.9%, 34.95%, 26.9%, 47.6%, 54.95% and 57.3%; with p<0.05 for all). The results of this study showed that the extracted IgY reacted to COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal swabs lysates. CONCLUSION: A high-yield and functional IgY anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant can be produced from chicken immunized with an in-house recombinant protein. This can be an alternative for affordable and effective IgY production during public health emergencies. KEYWORDS: IgY, SARS-CoV-2, S1 subunit protein, egg yolk, chickenhttps://inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/3693
spellingShingle Kamaluddin Zarkasie
Teridah Ernala Ginting
Andrea Hynan Poeloengan
Febi Andriani
Aksar Chair Lages
Vina Cornelia
Anggah Nugraha
Bustanur Rosidi
Setyarina Indrasari
Chairul Anwar Nidom
Irawan Yusuf
High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein
Indonesian Biomedical Journal
title High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein
title_full High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein
title_fullStr High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein
title_full_unstemmed High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein
title_short High-yield and Functional IgY Anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant from Chicken Immunized with In-house Recombinant Protein
title_sort high yield and functional igy anti s1 sars cov 2 delta variant from chicken immunized with in house recombinant protein
url https://inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/3693
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