Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children
Abstract Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may experience acute and long-term immune disorders. Immunological factors are thought to play an important role in Kawasaki disease. To analyze the impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease, this study retrospectively analyzed 161 children with Kawa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91042-8 |
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| author | Lichao Gao Zhufei Xu Jian Hu Qing Zhang Songling Fu Wei Wang Chunhong Xie Yiying Zhang Yujia Wang Fangqi Gong |
| author_facet | Lichao Gao Zhufei Xu Jian Hu Qing Zhang Songling Fu Wei Wang Chunhong Xie Yiying Zhang Yujia Wang Fangqi Gong |
| author_sort | Lichao Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may experience acute and long-term immune disorders. Immunological factors are thought to play an important role in Kawasaki disease. To analyze the impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease, this study retrospectively analyzed 161 children with Kawasaki disease onset during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of IVIG-Resistant individuals and the rate of corticosteroid use in the 1–7 weeks from COVID-19 infection to Kawasaki disease onset were higher than that of the noninfected group, even after excluding suspected cases of multiple system inflammatory syndrome. Compared to the noninfected group, the level of CD4 was lower, and the levels of CD3−CD16+CD56+, complement C4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were higher in the 1–7 weeks after COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, the risk of IVIG resistance was significantly increased in children with Kawasaki disease onset 1–7 weeks after COVID-19 infection, which may be related to the long-term impact of COVID-19 on immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e12f754e9c1a4962bad3437cbe29d91a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e12f754e9c1a4962bad3437cbe29d91a2025-08-20T03:13:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-91042-8Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in childrenLichao Gao0Zhufei Xu1Jian Hu2Qing Zhang3Songling Fu4Wei Wang5Chunhong Xie6Yiying Zhang7Yujia Wang8Fangqi Gong9Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthDepartment of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthAbstract Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may experience acute and long-term immune disorders. Immunological factors are thought to play an important role in Kawasaki disease. To analyze the impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease, this study retrospectively analyzed 161 children with Kawasaki disease onset during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of IVIG-Resistant individuals and the rate of corticosteroid use in the 1–7 weeks from COVID-19 infection to Kawasaki disease onset were higher than that of the noninfected group, even after excluding suspected cases of multiple system inflammatory syndrome. Compared to the noninfected group, the level of CD4 was lower, and the levels of CD3−CD16+CD56+, complement C4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were higher in the 1–7 weeks after COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, the risk of IVIG resistance was significantly increased in children with Kawasaki disease onset 1–7 weeks after COVID-19 infection, which may be related to the long-term impact of COVID-19 on immunity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91042-8Kawasaki diseaseCOVID-19ImmunityIVIG resistanceChild |
| spellingShingle | Lichao Gao Zhufei Xu Jian Hu Qing Zhang Songling Fu Wei Wang Chunhong Xie Yiying Zhang Yujia Wang Fangqi Gong Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children Scientific Reports Kawasaki disease COVID-19 Immunity IVIG resistance Child |
| title | Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children |
| title_full | Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children |
| title_fullStr | Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children |
| title_short | Impact of COVID-19 infection on Kawasaki disease and immune status in children |
| title_sort | impact of covid 19 infection on kawasaki disease and immune status in children |
| topic | Kawasaki disease COVID-19 Immunity IVIG resistance Child |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91042-8 |
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