Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer

BackgroundMutations in cancer cells can result in the production of neoepitopes that can be recognized by T cells and trigger an immune response. A reliable pipeline to identify such immunogenic neoepitopes for a given tumor would be beneficial for the design of cancer immunotherapies. Current metho...

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Main Authors: Leila Y. Chihab, Julie G. Burel, Aaron M. Miller, Luise Westernberg, Brandee Brown, Jason Greenbaum, Michael J. Korrer, Stephen P. Schoenberger, Sebastian Joyce, Young J. Kim, Zeynep Koşaloğlu-Yalçin, Bjoern Peters
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1494453/full
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author Leila Y. Chihab
Leila Y. Chihab
Julie G. Burel
Aaron M. Miller
Aaron M. Miller
Luise Westernberg
Brandee Brown
Jason Greenbaum
Michael J. Korrer
Stephen P. Schoenberger
Sebastian Joyce
Sebastian Joyce
Young J. Kim
Zeynep Koşaloğlu-Yalçin
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
author_facet Leila Y. Chihab
Leila Y. Chihab
Julie G. Burel
Aaron M. Miller
Aaron M. Miller
Luise Westernberg
Brandee Brown
Jason Greenbaum
Michael J. Korrer
Stephen P. Schoenberger
Sebastian Joyce
Sebastian Joyce
Young J. Kim
Zeynep Koşaloğlu-Yalçin
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
author_sort Leila Y. Chihab
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundMutations in cancer cells can result in the production of neoepitopes that can be recognized by T cells and trigger an immune response. A reliable pipeline to identify such immunogenic neoepitopes for a given tumor would be beneficial for the design of cancer immunotherapies. Current methods, such as the pipeline proposed by the Tumor Neoantigen Selection Alliance (TESLA), aim to select short peptides with the highest likelihood to be MHC-I restricted minimal epitopes. Typically, only a small percentage of these predicted epitopes are recognized by T cells when tested experimentally. This is particularly problematic as the limited amount of sample available from patients that are acutely sick restricts the number of peptides that can be tested in practice. This led our group to develop an in-house pipeline termed Identify-Prioritize-Validate (IPV) that identifies long peptides that cover both CD4 and CD8 epitopes.MethodsHere, we systematically compared how IPV performs compared to the TESLA pipeline. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro with their corresponding candidate peptides, and immune recognition was measured using cytokine-secretion assays.ResultsThe IPV pipeline consistently outperformed the TESLA pipeline in predicting neoepitopes that elicited an immune response in our assay. This was primarily due to the inclusion of longer peptides in IPV compared to TESLA.ConclusionsOur work underscores the improved predictive ability of IPV in comparison to TESLA in this assay system and highlights the need to clearly define which experimental metrics are used to evaluate bioinformatic epitope predictions.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-e129c37a8bc94a7b8fc2da1b990470c02025-08-20T02:47:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-03-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.14944531494453Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancerLeila Y. Chihab0Leila Y. Chihab1Julie G. Burel2Aaron M. Miller3Aaron M. Miller4Luise Westernberg5Brandee Brown6Jason Greenbaum7Michael J. Korrer8Stephen P. Schoenberger9Sebastian Joyce10Sebastian Joyce11Young J. Kim12Zeynep Koşaloğlu-Yalçin13Bjoern Peters14Bjoern Peters15Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDivision of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United StatesGlobal Clinical Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United StatesBackgroundMutations in cancer cells can result in the production of neoepitopes that can be recognized by T cells and trigger an immune response. A reliable pipeline to identify such immunogenic neoepitopes for a given tumor would be beneficial for the design of cancer immunotherapies. Current methods, such as the pipeline proposed by the Tumor Neoantigen Selection Alliance (TESLA), aim to select short peptides with the highest likelihood to be MHC-I restricted minimal epitopes. Typically, only a small percentage of these predicted epitopes are recognized by T cells when tested experimentally. This is particularly problematic as the limited amount of sample available from patients that are acutely sick restricts the number of peptides that can be tested in practice. This led our group to develop an in-house pipeline termed Identify-Prioritize-Validate (IPV) that identifies long peptides that cover both CD4 and CD8 epitopes.MethodsHere, we systematically compared how IPV performs compared to the TESLA pipeline. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro with their corresponding candidate peptides, and immune recognition was measured using cytokine-secretion assays.ResultsThe IPV pipeline consistently outperformed the TESLA pipeline in predicting neoepitopes that elicited an immune response in our assay. This was primarily due to the inclusion of longer peptides in IPV compared to TESLA.ConclusionsOur work underscores the improved predictive ability of IPV in comparison to TESLA in this assay system and highlights the need to clearly define which experimental metrics are used to evaluate bioinformatic epitope predictions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1494453/fullcancerneoepitope predictionneoepitope screeningbioinformaticsimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Leila Y. Chihab
Leila Y. Chihab
Julie G. Burel
Aaron M. Miller
Aaron M. Miller
Luise Westernberg
Brandee Brown
Jason Greenbaum
Michael J. Korrer
Stephen P. Schoenberger
Sebastian Joyce
Sebastian Joyce
Young J. Kim
Zeynep Koşaloğlu-Yalçin
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
Frontiers in Immunology
cancer
neoepitope prediction
neoepitope screening
bioinformatics
immunogenicity
title Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
title_full Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
title_fullStr Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
title_full_unstemmed Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
title_short Comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
title_sort comparative performance analysis of neoepitope prediction algorithms in head and neck cancer
topic cancer
neoepitope prediction
neoepitope screening
bioinformatics
immunogenicity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1494453/full
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