HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023
Abstract In China, Henan Province is a region with a high HIV burden. Furthermore, drug resistance (DR) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is becoming a critical barrier to achieving viral suppression. Monitoring DR in PLWHA with detectable viremia after ART is...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02949-1 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850140420424597504 |
|---|---|
| author | Jinjin Liu Chaohong Fu Xuan Yang Xiaohua Zhang Shuguang Wei Jie Ma Qingxia Zhao Yuqi Huo |
| author_facet | Jinjin Liu Chaohong Fu Xuan Yang Xiaohua Zhang Shuguang Wei Jie Ma Qingxia Zhao Yuqi Huo |
| author_sort | Jinjin Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In China, Henan Province is a region with a high HIV burden. Furthermore, drug resistance (DR) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is becoming a critical barrier to achieving viral suppression. Monitoring DR in PLWHA with detectable viremia after ART is crucial, especially given the widespread use of NNRTI and NRTI, which have historically been the backbone of China’s national ART program due to affordability and availability. In this study, plasma samples from PLWHA with viral load (VL) ≥ 40 copies/mL after ≥ 6 months of ART from January 2023 to December 2023 were collected for genotypic DR testing. Of 804 individuals with detectable viremia, a total of 14 HIV-1 subtypes were detected. The top five subtypes were B (55.97%, 450/804), CRF01_AE (22.14%, 178/804), CRF07_BC (15.42%, 124/804), CFR55_01B (3.36%, 27/804), and CRF08_BC (1.00%, 8/804). DR analysis revealed a prevalence of 67.79% (545/804). The resistance rates for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) were 62.94% (506/804), 53.23% (428/804), 7.34% (59/804), and 3.98% (32/804), respectively. The prevalence of DR among PLWHA below and ≥ 200 copies/mL were 40.63% (13/32) and 68.91% (532/772), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age < 29 years and 40–49 years, baseline CD4 count < 500 cells/µL, current VL of 103–105 copies/mL, and initial ART regimen of NRTIs + NNRTIs were closely associated with the occurrence of DR. These findings highlight the urgent need for expanded access to drug resistance testing and the adoption of WHO-recommended regimens, such as dolutegravir (DTG), to mitigate the growing threat of DR. Our results suggest that drug resistance testing should be applied to all PLWHA with detectable viremia, and treatment strategies should be optimized to align with global guidelines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e125e4d9059f408ca484c6cf7e79f45d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e125e4d9059f408ca484c6cf7e79f45d2025-08-20T02:29:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-011511910.1038/s41598-025-02949-1HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023Jinjin Liu0Chaohong Fu1Xuan Yang2Xiaohua Zhang3Shuguang Wei4Jie Ma5Qingxia Zhao6Yuqi Huo7Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAffiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The SixthPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou), Erqi DistrictAbstract In China, Henan Province is a region with a high HIV burden. Furthermore, drug resistance (DR) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is becoming a critical barrier to achieving viral suppression. Monitoring DR in PLWHA with detectable viremia after ART is crucial, especially given the widespread use of NNRTI and NRTI, which have historically been the backbone of China’s national ART program due to affordability and availability. In this study, plasma samples from PLWHA with viral load (VL) ≥ 40 copies/mL after ≥ 6 months of ART from January 2023 to December 2023 were collected for genotypic DR testing. Of 804 individuals with detectable viremia, a total of 14 HIV-1 subtypes were detected. The top five subtypes were B (55.97%, 450/804), CRF01_AE (22.14%, 178/804), CRF07_BC (15.42%, 124/804), CFR55_01B (3.36%, 27/804), and CRF08_BC (1.00%, 8/804). DR analysis revealed a prevalence of 67.79% (545/804). The resistance rates for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) were 62.94% (506/804), 53.23% (428/804), 7.34% (59/804), and 3.98% (32/804), respectively. The prevalence of DR among PLWHA below and ≥ 200 copies/mL were 40.63% (13/32) and 68.91% (532/772), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age < 29 years and 40–49 years, baseline CD4 count < 500 cells/µL, current VL of 103–105 copies/mL, and initial ART regimen of NRTIs + NNRTIs were closely associated with the occurrence of DR. These findings highlight the urgent need for expanded access to drug resistance testing and the adoption of WHO-recommended regimens, such as dolutegravir (DTG), to mitigate the growing threat of DR. Our results suggest that drug resistance testing should be applied to all PLWHA with detectable viremia, and treatment strategies should be optimized to align with global guidelines.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02949-1Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Antiretroviral therapy (ART)Detectable viremiaDrug resistance (DR)Subtype |
| spellingShingle | Jinjin Liu Chaohong Fu Xuan Yang Xiaohua Zhang Shuguang Wei Jie Ma Qingxia Zhao Yuqi Huo HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023 Scientific Reports Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Detectable viremia Drug resistance (DR) Subtype |
| title | HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023 |
| title_full | HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023 |
| title_fullStr | HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023 |
| title_short | HIV-1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among PLWHA with detectable viremia in Henan Province, China, 2023 |
| title_sort | hiv 1 subtype distribution and drug resistance profiles among plwha with detectable viremia in henan province china 2023 |
| topic | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Detectable viremia Drug resistance (DR) Subtype |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02949-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinjinliu hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT chaohongfu hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT xuanyang hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT xiaohuazhang hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT shuguangwei hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT jiema hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT qingxiazhao hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 AT yuqihuo hiv1subtypedistributionanddrugresistanceprofilesamongplwhawithdetectableviremiainhenanprovincechina2023 |