Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial

Aims: To compare the performance of newer insulin resistance (IR) indices, triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), with previous markers HOMA-IR and McAuley-IR, and assess the impact of one-year of vitamin D supplementation, at two doses, on these indices in overweight...

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Main Authors: Nancy Safwan, Christos S. Mantzoros, Maya Rahme, Rafic Baddoura, Georges Halaby, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Metabolism Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936825000131
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author Nancy Safwan
Christos S. Mantzoros
Maya Rahme
Rafic Baddoura
Georges Halaby
Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
author_facet Nancy Safwan
Christos S. Mantzoros
Maya Rahme
Rafic Baddoura
Georges Halaby
Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
author_sort Nancy Safwan
collection DOAJ
description Aims: To compare the performance of newer insulin resistance (IR) indices, triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), with previous markers HOMA-IR and McAuley-IR, and assess the impact of one-year of vitamin D supplementation, at two doses, on these indices in overweight, elderly individuals. Methods: Exploratory analyses from a double-blind, multicenter randomized controlled trial involved overweight elderly participants with baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of 10–30 ng/ml (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01315366). Participants received 1000 mg calcium citrate/day and vitamin D supplementation at a low-dose of 600 IU/day, or high-dose of 3750 IU/day. Results: 221 participants received low or high-dose vitamin D supplementation. Mean age was 71 ± 5 years, BMI 30 ± 4 kg/m2, 25(OH)D 20 ± 7 ng/ml, with 55 % female and 69 % with prediabetes. There were no significant baseline differences except for HDL levels (p = 0.04). TyG was notably increased in the high-dose group (p = 0.02). Mixed linear model analysis showed a greater increase in serum 25(OH)D in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose, with decreases in PTH, cholesterol, and LDL independent of dose. TyG and METS-IR did not differ by dose, time, or dose∗time interaction. Subgroup analyses by sex, baseline 25(OH)D cut-off, and glucose tolerance status were null. FokI polymorphism showed a significantly greater METS-IR in the high-dose arm, disappeared after adjusting for fat mass. McAuley-IR was the best IR index compared to TyG and METS-IR, both at baseline and 12 months. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation at 3750 IU/d over one-year did not improve IR markers, including TyG and METS-IR.
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spelling doaj-art-e11cea7d47454617aa74cbf002ee060a2025-08-20T03:45:11ZengElsevierMetabolism Open2589-93682025-06-012610035710.1016/j.metop.2025.100357Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trialNancy Safwan0Christos S. Mantzoros1Maya Rahme2Rafic Baddoura3Georges Halaby4Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan5Scholars in Health Research Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, LebanonDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO CC for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, 11-0236, LebanonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, LebanonScholars in Health Research Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO CC for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon; Corresponding author. Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: 113/C8, Beirut, Lebanon.Aims: To compare the performance of newer insulin resistance (IR) indices, triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), with previous markers HOMA-IR and McAuley-IR, and assess the impact of one-year of vitamin D supplementation, at two doses, on these indices in overweight, elderly individuals. Methods: Exploratory analyses from a double-blind, multicenter randomized controlled trial involved overweight elderly participants with baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of 10–30 ng/ml (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01315366). Participants received 1000 mg calcium citrate/day and vitamin D supplementation at a low-dose of 600 IU/day, or high-dose of 3750 IU/day. Results: 221 participants received low or high-dose vitamin D supplementation. Mean age was 71 ± 5 years, BMI 30 ± 4 kg/m2, 25(OH)D 20 ± 7 ng/ml, with 55 % female and 69 % with prediabetes. There were no significant baseline differences except for HDL levels (p = 0.04). TyG was notably increased in the high-dose group (p = 0.02). Mixed linear model analysis showed a greater increase in serum 25(OH)D in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose, with decreases in PTH, cholesterol, and LDL independent of dose. TyG and METS-IR did not differ by dose, time, or dose∗time interaction. Subgroup analyses by sex, baseline 25(OH)D cut-off, and glucose tolerance status were null. FokI polymorphism showed a significantly greater METS-IR in the high-dose arm, disappeared after adjusting for fat mass. McAuley-IR was the best IR index compared to TyG and METS-IR, both at baseline and 12 months. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation at 3750 IU/d over one-year did not improve IR markers, including TyG and METS-IR.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936825000131Vitamin DInsulin resistanceTriglyceride glucose indexTyGMetabolic score for insulin resistanceMETS-IR
spellingShingle Nancy Safwan
Christos S. Mantzoros
Maya Rahme
Rafic Baddoura
Georges Halaby
Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial
Metabolism Open
Vitamin D
Insulin resistance
Triglyceride glucose index
TyG
Metabolic score for insulin resistance
METS-IR
title Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial
title_full Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial
title_short Vitamin D supplementation at low (600 IU/day) or higher dose (3,750 IU/day) does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year: A randomized controlled trial
title_sort vitamin d supplementation at low 600 iu day or higher dose 3 750 iu day does not improve insulin resistance markers at one year a randomized controlled trial
topic Vitamin D
Insulin resistance
Triglyceride glucose index
TyG
Metabolic score for insulin resistance
METS-IR
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936825000131
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