Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, despite advances in control measures. In 2023, there were an estimated 263 million malaria cases and 597,000 deaths, with most occurring in Africa. This study presents a temperature-dependent, two-class age-st...

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Main Authors: Lukas Degu Petros, Temesgen Erena Abdisa, Dinka Tilahun Etefa, Dawit Kechine Menbiko, Ademe Kebede Gizaw, Eba Alemayehu Simma, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Chernet Tuge Deressa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330158
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author Lukas Degu Petros
Temesgen Erena Abdisa
Dinka Tilahun Etefa
Dawit Kechine Menbiko
Ademe Kebede Gizaw
Eba Alemayehu Simma
Delenasaw Yewhalaw
Chernet Tuge Deressa
author_facet Lukas Degu Petros
Temesgen Erena Abdisa
Dinka Tilahun Etefa
Dawit Kechine Menbiko
Ademe Kebede Gizaw
Eba Alemayehu Simma
Delenasaw Yewhalaw
Chernet Tuge Deressa
author_sort Lukas Degu Petros
collection DOAJ
description Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, despite advances in control measures. In 2023, there were an estimated 263 million malaria cases and 597,000 deaths, with most occurring in Africa. This study presents a temperature-dependent, two-class age-structured malaria model using partial differential equations and optimal control strategies to assess their impact on malaria transmission. We analyze the existence and stability of equilibria, determined by the basic reproduction number R0, and demonstrate global stability through Lyapunov functionals. Numerical simulations show the effects of temperature variations and optimal controls on transmission dynamics, providing actionable insights for malaria management. Empirical validation of the model was performed using six years of infection prevalence data from the Jimma zone, revealing an [Formula: see text] of 0.68 and an adjusted [Formula: see text] of 0.63, indicating a good fit to observed data. Furthermore, comparison with an existing age-structured malaria model from the literature showed superior predictive accuracy, with our model demonstrating better performance in capturing temperature-dependent malaria trends. These results underscore the robustness and practical relevance of the model, offering improved prediction and control strategies under varying environmental conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-e11b379b4d6147d2b6829f1ecb42351d2025-08-23T05:32:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01208e033015810.1371/journal.pone.0330158Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework. Lukas Degu PetrosTemesgen Erena AbdisaDinka Tilahun EtefaDawit Kechine MenbikoAdeme Kebede GizawEba Alemayehu SimmaDelenasaw YewhalawChernet Tuge DeressaMalaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, despite advances in control measures. In 2023, there were an estimated 263 million malaria cases and 597,000 deaths, with most occurring in Africa. This study presents a temperature-dependent, two-class age-structured malaria model using partial differential equations and optimal control strategies to assess their impact on malaria transmission. We analyze the existence and stability of equilibria, determined by the basic reproduction number R0, and demonstrate global stability through Lyapunov functionals. Numerical simulations show the effects of temperature variations and optimal controls on transmission dynamics, providing actionable insights for malaria management. Empirical validation of the model was performed using six years of infection prevalence data from the Jimma zone, revealing an [Formula: see text] of 0.68 and an adjusted [Formula: see text] of 0.63, indicating a good fit to observed data. Furthermore, comparison with an existing age-structured malaria model from the literature showed superior predictive accuracy, with our model demonstrating better performance in capturing temperature-dependent malaria trends. These results underscore the robustness and practical relevance of the model, offering improved prediction and control strategies under varying environmental conditions.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330158
spellingShingle Lukas Degu Petros
Temesgen Erena Abdisa
Dinka Tilahun Etefa
Dawit Kechine Menbiko
Ademe Kebede Gizaw
Eba Alemayehu Simma
Delenasaw Yewhalaw
Chernet Tuge Deressa
Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.
PLoS ONE
title Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.
title_full Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.
title_fullStr Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.
title_full_unstemmed Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.
title_short Age-structured malaria model with temperature-dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework.
title_sort age structured malaria model with temperature dependent dynamics and optimal control analysis within a partial differential equation framework
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330158
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