National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to health with significant global economic and safety implications. One of the major drives of this resistance is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. <b>Background/Objectives:</b> In this sense, WHO proposed to it members to...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Gustavo H. Marin Lucía Giangreco Paola Lichtenberger Cristian Dorati Perla Mordujovich Robin Rojas-Cortés Tatiana Orjuela-Rodríguez Pilar Ramón-Pardo José Luis Castro Danini Marin Ana Ramirez André Lacerda Ulysses de Carvalho Silvia Boni Julie Williams Maria Francisca Aldunate-González Mónica López-Peña Shing Mi Ching Fung Hugo Marín-Piva Ismary Alfonso-Orta Sunil Singh Alex Rodríguez-Mejía Alicia María Molina Carmen Buzarquis Hilda Mantilla-Ponte Vanessa Matthew Gracious M. James Rajeev P. Nagassar |
| author_facet | Gustavo H. Marin Lucía Giangreco Paola Lichtenberger Cristian Dorati Perla Mordujovich Robin Rojas-Cortés Tatiana Orjuela-Rodríguez Pilar Ramón-Pardo José Luis Castro Danini Marin Ana Ramirez André Lacerda Ulysses de Carvalho Silvia Boni Julie Williams Maria Francisca Aldunate-González Mónica López-Peña Shing Mi Ching Fung Hugo Marín-Piva Ismary Alfonso-Orta Sunil Singh Alex Rodríguez-Mejía Alicia María Molina Carmen Buzarquis Hilda Mantilla-Ponte Vanessa Matthew Gracious M. James Rajeev P. Nagassar |
| author_sort | Gustavo H. Marin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to health with significant global economic and safety implications. One of the major drives of this resistance is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. <b>Background/Objectives:</b> In this sense, WHO proposed to it members to estimate the antimicrobial consumption (AMC) at each country level, in order to help local authorities in their decision making related to AMR control. Although this program is already installed worldwide, in the American continent, the rate of countries’ inclusion has been delayed. This paper describes the efforts of Latin American & Caribbean countries in terms of AMC local assessment. <b>Methods</b>: AMC data collection was done as per the GLASS tool proposed by WHO. Analysis was performed using Daily Defined Dose each one thousand inhabitants day (DID) for global, therapeutical group or each antibiotic. Access, Watch and target Reserve (AWaRe) WHO classification was applied after data collection. <b>Results</b>: 13 countries were included during the period 2019–2022. The global DID ranged from 2.55 DID to 36.26 DID. The trend of this consumption did downward along the years. One of the factors than impacted the AMC was the COVID-19 pandemic. The most problematic antimicrobial misuse was seen in certain beta lactams and macrolides, like ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Regarding the AWaRe classification, 5 out of 13 countries accomplished the target until 2023 of 60% consumption for “Access antimicrobial’s group by 2023). This data helped local health managers to propose changes for better control of the AMR problem (ceftriaxone usage limitations in Peru, antimicrobial law in Argentina, etc.). <b>Conclusions</b>: The first steps towards AMC country’s assessment has been initiated. The present work provided essential inputs to local health authorities for decision making related to AMR control. It will be necessary to keep applying this results in regulate antibiotic usage at country level, as well as enrolling more countries in the AMC project. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e11732e4678d48b7b4ce88f9515c054b |
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| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e11732e4678d48b7b4ce88f9515c054b2025-08-20T02:11:25ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-02-0114324010.3390/antibiotics14030240National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022Gustavo H. Marin0Lucía Giangreco1Paola Lichtenberger2Cristian Dorati3Perla Mordujovich4Robin Rojas-Cortés5Tatiana Orjuela-Rodríguez6Pilar Ramón-Pardo7José Luis Castro8Danini Marin9Ana Ramirez10André Lacerda Ulysses de Carvalho11Silvia Boni12Julie Williams13Maria Francisca Aldunate-González14Mónica López-Peña15Shing Mi Ching Fung16Hugo Marín-Piva17Ismary Alfonso-Orta18Sunil Singh19Alex Rodríguez-Mejía20Alicia María Molina21Carmen Buzarquis22Hilda Mantilla-Ponte23Vanessa Matthew24Gracious M. James25Rajeev P. Nagassar26University Centre of Pharmacology (CUFAR), UNLP, WHO-PAHO Col, La Plata 1900, ArgentinaUniversity Centre of Pharmacology (CUFAR), UNLP, WHO-PAHO Col, La Plata 1900, ArgentinaMiller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USAUniversity Centre of Pharmacology (CUFAR), UNLP, WHO-PAHO Col, La Plata 1900, ArgentinaUniversity Centre of Pharmacology (CUFAR), UNLP, WHO-PAHO Col, La Plata 1900, ArgentinaPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USAPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USAPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USAPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USAPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USAPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USAPan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USANational Administration of Drugs, Food, and Medical Technology (ANMAT), Buenos Aires 1480, ArgentinaBarbados Drug Service, St. Michael 11464, BarbadosPublic Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Santiago 1000, ChileMinistry of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá 110311, ColombiaCosta Rican Social Security (CCSS), San José 10105-1000, Costa RicaCosta Rican Social Security (CCSS), San José 10105-1000, Costa RicaCenter for State Control of Medicines, Equipment, and Medical Devices (CECMED), La Habana 11300, CubaMinistry of Health, Region 2 002, GuyanaSecretary of Health, Tegucigalpa 11101, HondurasHealth Regulation Agency (ARSA), Tegucigalpa 11101, HondurasMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPBS), Asunción 2160, ParaguayGeneral Directorate of Medicines, Supplies, and Drugs (DIGEMID), Lima 15087, PeruJoseph Nathaniel France General Hospital, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and NevisAlexandra Hospital, Charlestown KN0802, Saint Kitts and NevisThe Sangre Grande Hospital, The Eastern Regional Health Authority, Sangre Grande, Trinidad and TobagoAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to health with significant global economic and safety implications. One of the major drives of this resistance is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. <b>Background/Objectives:</b> In this sense, WHO proposed to it members to estimate the antimicrobial consumption (AMC) at each country level, in order to help local authorities in their decision making related to AMR control. Although this program is already installed worldwide, in the American continent, the rate of countries’ inclusion has been delayed. This paper describes the efforts of Latin American & Caribbean countries in terms of AMC local assessment. <b>Methods</b>: AMC data collection was done as per the GLASS tool proposed by WHO. Analysis was performed using Daily Defined Dose each one thousand inhabitants day (DID) for global, therapeutical group or each antibiotic. Access, Watch and target Reserve (AWaRe) WHO classification was applied after data collection. <b>Results</b>: 13 countries were included during the period 2019–2022. The global DID ranged from 2.55 DID to 36.26 DID. The trend of this consumption did downward along the years. One of the factors than impacted the AMC was the COVID-19 pandemic. The most problematic antimicrobial misuse was seen in certain beta lactams and macrolides, like ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Regarding the AWaRe classification, 5 out of 13 countries accomplished the target until 2023 of 60% consumption for “Access antimicrobial’s group by 2023). This data helped local health managers to propose changes for better control of the AMR problem (ceftriaxone usage limitations in Peru, antimicrobial law in Argentina, etc.). <b>Conclusions</b>: The first steps towards AMC country’s assessment has been initiated. The present work provided essential inputs to local health authorities for decision making related to AMR control. It will be necessary to keep applying this results in regulate antibiotic usage at country level, as well as enrolling more countries in the AMC project.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/240antimicrobialconsumptionresistanceLatin AmericaCaribbeanAWaRe |
| spellingShingle | Gustavo H. Marin Lucía Giangreco Paola Lichtenberger Cristian Dorati Perla Mordujovich Robin Rojas-Cortés Tatiana Orjuela-Rodríguez Pilar Ramón-Pardo José Luis Castro Danini Marin Ana Ramirez André Lacerda Ulysses de Carvalho Silvia Boni Julie Williams Maria Francisca Aldunate-González Mónica López-Peña Shing Mi Ching Fung Hugo Marín-Piva Ismary Alfonso-Orta Sunil Singh Alex Rodríguez-Mejía Alicia María Molina Carmen Buzarquis Hilda Mantilla-Ponte Vanessa Matthew Gracious M. James Rajeev P. Nagassar National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022 Antibiotics antimicrobial consumption resistance Latin America Caribbean AWaRe |
| title | National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022 |
| title_full | National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022 |
| title_fullStr | National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022 |
| title_short | National Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: Measurements and Results from 2019–2022 |
| title_sort | national antimicrobial consumption in latin america and the caribbean measurements and results from 2019 2022 |
| topic | antimicrobial consumption resistance Latin America Caribbean AWaRe |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/240 |
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