The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations

Background: The aging population in Japan has led to an increase in traffic accidents involving elderly drivers, highlighting the need for measures to enhance driving safety. Post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients must regain their driving ability to maintain independence; however, clear guidel...

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Main Authors: Kazuya Okazawa, Satoshi Hamai, Tsutomu Fujita, Yuki Nasu, Shinya Kawahara, Yasuharu Nakashima, Hitoshi Ishikawa, Hiromi Fujii, Hiroshi Katoh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/768
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author Kazuya Okazawa
Satoshi Hamai
Tsutomu Fujita
Yuki Nasu
Shinya Kawahara
Yasuharu Nakashima
Hitoshi Ishikawa
Hiromi Fujii
Hiroshi Katoh
author_facet Kazuya Okazawa
Satoshi Hamai
Tsutomu Fujita
Yuki Nasu
Shinya Kawahara
Yasuharu Nakashima
Hitoshi Ishikawa
Hiromi Fujii
Hiroshi Katoh
author_sort Kazuya Okazawa
collection DOAJ
description Background: The aging population in Japan has led to an increase in traffic accidents involving elderly drivers, highlighting the need for measures to enhance driving safety. Post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients must regain their driving ability to maintain independence; however, clear guidelines for driving resumption are lacking. This study assessed the movement time (MT) and brake pedal force (BPF) using a driving simulator and investigated their associations with lower limb motor function. Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study included 21 patients (mean age: 66.7 ± 7.4 years) who underwent right TKA and intended to resume driving. Driving ability was assessed on postoperative day 13 using a driving simulator to measure MT and BPF. Physical function was evaluated using the following parameters: range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, gait parameters, and pain assessment. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify significant associations. Results: MT was significantly correlated with knee extension strength (r = −0.56, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and walking ratio (r = 0.55, <i>p</i> = 0.03). BPF was significantly correlated with walking ratio (r = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and pain levels VAS (r = −0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Multiple regression analysis identified walking ratio (β = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.02) as a significant predictor of MT. For BPF, significant predictors included walking ratio (β = 0.49, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and VAS (β = −0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Discussion: The findings of this study suggest that MT is associated with walking ratio, while BPF is significantly associated with both walking ratio and VAS scores. In particular, walking ratio was found to have a significant impact on both MT and BPF, indicating that it may be an important factor influencing postoperative driving performance. Conclusion: Improvement in the walking ratio and pain management affect accelerator and brake operation during driving after TKA.
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spelling doaj-art-e10bfeadbc124e1984351a94e39465cf2025-08-20T02:34:01ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-05-0115576810.3390/life15050768The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake OperationsKazuya Okazawa0Satoshi Hamai1Tsutomu Fujita2Yuki Nasu3Shinya Kawahara4Yasuharu Nakashima5Hitoshi Ishikawa6Hiromi Fujii7Hiroshi Katoh8Department of Rehabilitation, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanGraduate School of Health Sciences, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata 990-2212, JapanGraduate School of Health Sciences, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata 990-2212, JapanGraduate School of Health Sciences, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata 990-2212, JapanBackground: The aging population in Japan has led to an increase in traffic accidents involving elderly drivers, highlighting the need for measures to enhance driving safety. Post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients must regain their driving ability to maintain independence; however, clear guidelines for driving resumption are lacking. This study assessed the movement time (MT) and brake pedal force (BPF) using a driving simulator and investigated their associations with lower limb motor function. Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study included 21 patients (mean age: 66.7 ± 7.4 years) who underwent right TKA and intended to resume driving. Driving ability was assessed on postoperative day 13 using a driving simulator to measure MT and BPF. Physical function was evaluated using the following parameters: range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, gait parameters, and pain assessment. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify significant associations. Results: MT was significantly correlated with knee extension strength (r = −0.56, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and walking ratio (r = 0.55, <i>p</i> = 0.03). BPF was significantly correlated with walking ratio (r = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and pain levels VAS (r = −0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Multiple regression analysis identified walking ratio (β = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.02) as a significant predictor of MT. For BPF, significant predictors included walking ratio (β = 0.49, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and VAS (β = −0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Discussion: The findings of this study suggest that MT is associated with walking ratio, while BPF is significantly associated with both walking ratio and VAS scores. In particular, walking ratio was found to have a significant impact on both MT and BPF, indicating that it may be an important factor influencing postoperative driving performance. Conclusion: Improvement in the walking ratio and pain management affect accelerator and brake operation during driving after TKA.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/768total knee arthroplastydriving simulatorgait
spellingShingle Kazuya Okazawa
Satoshi Hamai
Tsutomu Fujita
Yuki Nasu
Shinya Kawahara
Yasuharu Nakashima
Hitoshi Ishikawa
Hiromi Fujii
Hiroshi Katoh
The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations
Life
total knee arthroplasty
driving simulator
gait
title The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations
title_full The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations
title_fullStr The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations
title_full_unstemmed The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations
title_short The Relationship Between Driving Performance and Lower Limb Motor Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Driving Simulator: A Pilot Study on Elucidating Factors Influencing Accelerator and Brake Operations
title_sort relationship between driving performance and lower limb motor function after total knee arthroplasty using a driving simulator a pilot study on elucidating factors influencing accelerator and brake operations
topic total knee arthroplasty
driving simulator
gait
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/768
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