Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach

In recent years, electric vehicle (EV) battery-swapping technology has rapidly evolved and is expected to become widely prevalent shortly. Therefore, it is crucial to develop efficient battery-swapping scheduling algorithms to optimize the operations of battery-swapping systems. This paper proposes...

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Main Authors: Yu Zhang, Tao Han, Wei He, Jianhua Xia, Lichao Cui, Zuofu Ma, Shiwei Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Energy Research
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1488234/full
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author Yu Zhang
Tao Han
Wei He
Jianhua Xia
Lichao Cui
Zuofu Ma
Shiwei Liu
author_facet Yu Zhang
Tao Han
Wei He
Jianhua Xia
Lichao Cui
Zuofu Ma
Shiwei Liu
author_sort Yu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, electric vehicle (EV) battery-swapping technology has rapidly evolved and is expected to become widely prevalent shortly. Therefore, it is crucial to develop efficient battery-swapping scheduling algorithms to optimize the operations of battery-swapping systems. This paper proposes a non-cooperative game approach for the battery-swapping scheduling of EVs. To reduce the waiting time for battery swapping and improve the scheduling efficiency of EVs, a swapping process model inspired by the job-shop scheduling problem is proposed, and the cost function of each EV comprehensively considers the travel time, waiting time, and battery swapping price. To capture the competitive relationship among EVs, a non-cooperative game model for battery swapping scheduling is established considering the finite quantities of batteries and swapping grippers. To find the pure strategy Nash equilibrium, an iterative best response algorithm is developed, satisfying constraints including those couple decisions of different EVs. Case studies demonstrate the fairness and scheduling efficiency of the proposed approach.
format Article
id doaj-art-e10a5fadc5ac4034bc477d6e8d8db9dc
institution OA Journals
issn 2296-598X
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Energy Research
spelling doaj-art-e10a5fadc5ac4034bc477d6e8d8db9dc2025-08-20T02:18:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2024-12-011210.3389/fenrg.2024.14882341488234Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approachYu Zhang0Tao Han1Wei He2Jianhua Xia3Lichao Cui4Zuofu Ma5Shiwei Liu6Three Gorges Electric Power Co., Ltd., Wuhan, ChinaThree Gorges Electric Power Co., Ltd., Wuhan, ChinaThree Gorges Electric Power Co., Ltd., Wuhan, ChinaChina Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaChina Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaChina Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaIn recent years, electric vehicle (EV) battery-swapping technology has rapidly evolved and is expected to become widely prevalent shortly. Therefore, it is crucial to develop efficient battery-swapping scheduling algorithms to optimize the operations of battery-swapping systems. This paper proposes a non-cooperative game approach for the battery-swapping scheduling of EVs. To reduce the waiting time for battery swapping and improve the scheduling efficiency of EVs, a swapping process model inspired by the job-shop scheduling problem is proposed, and the cost function of each EV comprehensively considers the travel time, waiting time, and battery swapping price. To capture the competitive relationship among EVs, a non-cooperative game model for battery swapping scheduling is established considering the finite quantities of batteries and swapping grippers. To find the pure strategy Nash equilibrium, an iterative best response algorithm is developed, satisfying constraints including those couple decisions of different EVs. Case studies demonstrate the fairness and scheduling efficiency of the proposed approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1488234/fullbattery swappingelectric vehicleinteger programmingnon-cooperative gametransportation electrification
spellingShingle Yu Zhang
Tao Han
Wei He
Jianhua Xia
Lichao Cui
Zuofu Ma
Shiwei Liu
Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach
Frontiers in Energy Research
battery swapping
electric vehicle
integer programming
non-cooperative game
transportation electrification
title Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach
title_full Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach
title_fullStr Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach
title_full_unstemmed Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach
title_short Battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles: a non-cooperative game approach
title_sort battery swapping scheduling for electric vehicles a non cooperative game approach
topic battery swapping
electric vehicle
integer programming
non-cooperative game
transportation electrification
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1488234/full
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