A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems

Abstract As a generalization of the well-known multiple traveling salesman problem, the Colored Traveling Salesman Problem (CTSP) can completely delineate individual salesmen’s "spheres of influence" of city visits using colors. CTSP has numerous real-world applications but remains computa...

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Main Authors: Zhicheng Lin, Jun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00127-x
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author Zhicheng Lin
Jun Li
author_facet Zhicheng Lin
Jun Li
author_sort Zhicheng Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As a generalization of the well-known multiple traveling salesman problem, the Colored Traveling Salesman Problem (CTSP) can completely delineate individual salesmen’s "spheres of influence" of city visits using colors. CTSP has numerous real-world applications but remains computationally challenging. To solve this we propose a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) that effectively combines population evolution and neighborhood search. HGA consists of four main components: (1) a path-guided initialization strategy for constructing an initial population, (2) an extended edge assembly crossover for generating high-quality offspring solutions by merging cycles formed from parent solution edges, (3) a local search process employing five color-preserving neighborhood operators to refine solutions, (4) a tabu-list-based mutation mechanism designed to diversify individual genotypes. Moreover, HGA incorporates an individual elimination mechanism that maintains population diversity by removing similar and low-fitness individuals from a population. Extensive experiments are conducted on 91 CTSP benchmark cases. The results show that HGA outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution quality and convergence. Notably, it achieves the best-known results in 50 cases.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-e1075d4d0b4c4678b8bf85bc499da9872025-08-24T11:53:27ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences1319-15782213-12482025-08-0137712310.1007/s44443-025-00127-xA hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problemsZhicheng Lin0Jun Li1The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of CSE, Southeast UniversityThe Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of CSE, Southeast UniversityAbstract As a generalization of the well-known multiple traveling salesman problem, the Colored Traveling Salesman Problem (CTSP) can completely delineate individual salesmen’s "spheres of influence" of city visits using colors. CTSP has numerous real-world applications but remains computationally challenging. To solve this we propose a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) that effectively combines population evolution and neighborhood search. HGA consists of four main components: (1) a path-guided initialization strategy for constructing an initial population, (2) an extended edge assembly crossover for generating high-quality offspring solutions by merging cycles formed from parent solution edges, (3) a local search process employing five color-preserving neighborhood operators to refine solutions, (4) a tabu-list-based mutation mechanism designed to diversify individual genotypes. Moreover, HGA incorporates an individual elimination mechanism that maintains population diversity by removing similar and low-fitness individuals from a population. Extensive experiments are conducted on 91 CTSP benchmark cases. The results show that HGA outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution quality and convergence. Notably, it achieves the best-known results in 50 cases.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00127-xColored traveling salesman problemTask schedulingHeuristicsGenetic algorithmNeighborhood search
spellingShingle Zhicheng Lin
Jun Li
A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences
Colored traveling salesman problem
Task scheduling
Heuristics
Genetic algorithm
Neighborhood search
title A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
title_full A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
title_fullStr A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
title_full_unstemmed A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
title_short A hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
title_sort hybrid genetic algorithm with cycle reassembly for solving colored traveling salesman problems
topic Colored traveling salesman problem
Task scheduling
Heuristics
Genetic algorithm
Neighborhood search
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00127-x
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