Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors

Quantifying inflammation plays a critical role in understanding the progression and development of various diseases. Non-invasive or minimally invasive wearable biosensors have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their convenience, comfort, and ability to provide continuous monitor...

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Main Authors: Tingting Wu, Guozhen Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/351
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author Tingting Wu
Guozhen Liu
author_facet Tingting Wu
Guozhen Liu
author_sort Tingting Wu
collection DOAJ
description Quantifying inflammation plays a critical role in understanding the progression and development of various diseases. Non-invasive or minimally invasive wearable biosensors have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their convenience, comfort, and ability to provide continuous monitoring of biomarkers, particularly in infectious diseases and chronic diseases. However, there are still areas for improvement in developing reliable biosensing devices to detect key inflammatory biomarkers in clinically relevant biofluids. This review first introduces common biofluids with a focus on the most clinically significant inflammatory biomarkers. Specifically, it discusses the challenges encountered in extracting and detecting analytes in these biofluids. Subsequently, we review three popular types of non-invasive wearable biosensors for inflammation monitoring (microneedle patches, flexible electronic skins, and textile-based sensors). The design and operational considerations of these devices are analyzed, followed by an exploration of the information processing approaches employed during data processing. Finally, we envision future opportunities by guiding the development and refinement of non-invasive or minimally invasive wearable biosensors for continuous inflammation monitoring in chronic diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-e1058abc74014914b27f028125dce5c02025-08-20T03:27:17ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-06-0115635110.3390/bios15060351Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to BiosensorsTingting Wu0Guozhen Liu1Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID<sup>2</sup>) Laboratory, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, ChinaIntegrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID<sup>2</sup>) Laboratory, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, ChinaQuantifying inflammation plays a critical role in understanding the progression and development of various diseases. Non-invasive or minimally invasive wearable biosensors have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their convenience, comfort, and ability to provide continuous monitoring of biomarkers, particularly in infectious diseases and chronic diseases. However, there are still areas for improvement in developing reliable biosensing devices to detect key inflammatory biomarkers in clinically relevant biofluids. This review first introduces common biofluids with a focus on the most clinically significant inflammatory biomarkers. Specifically, it discusses the challenges encountered in extracting and detecting analytes in these biofluids. Subsequently, we review three popular types of non-invasive wearable biosensors for inflammation monitoring (microneedle patches, flexible electronic skins, and textile-based sensors). The design and operational considerations of these devices are analyzed, followed by an exploration of the information processing approaches employed during data processing. Finally, we envision future opportunities by guiding the development and refinement of non-invasive or minimally invasive wearable biosensors for continuous inflammation monitoring in chronic diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/351inflammationwearable sensorsnon-invasive diagnosticsbiomarkersbiological fluids
spellingShingle Tingting Wu
Guozhen Liu
Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors
Biosensors
inflammation
wearable sensors
non-invasive diagnostics
biomarkers
biological fluids
title Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors
title_full Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors
title_fullStr Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors
title_full_unstemmed Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors
title_short Non-Invasive Wearables in Inflammation Monitoring: From Biomarkers to Biosensors
title_sort non invasive wearables in inflammation monitoring from biomarkers to biosensors
topic inflammation
wearable sensors
non-invasive diagnostics
biomarkers
biological fluids
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/351
work_keys_str_mv AT tingtingwu noninvasivewearablesininflammationmonitoringfrombiomarkerstobiosensors
AT guozhenliu noninvasivewearablesininflammationmonitoringfrombiomarkerstobiosensors