Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake

Sacha inchi (SI) oil press-cake (SIPC), a by-product of the sacha inchi oil extraction process, represents a novel protein source with potential bioactive applications in food. In this study, a sacha inchi protein concentrate (SPC) derived from SIPC was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digest...

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Main Authors: Erwin Torres-Sánchez, Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga, Samuel Paterson, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, Luis-Felipe Gutiérrez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1231
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author Erwin Torres-Sánchez
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
Samuel Paterson
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Luis-Felipe Gutiérrez
author_facet Erwin Torres-Sánchez
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
Samuel Paterson
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Luis-Felipe Gutiérrez
author_sort Erwin Torres-Sánchez
collection DOAJ
description Sacha inchi (SI) oil press-cake (SIPC), a by-product of the sacha inchi oil extraction process, represents a novel protein source with potential bioactive applications in food. In this study, a sacha inchi protein concentrate (SPC) derived from SIPC was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) using the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol. The resulting digests were fractionated by ultrafiltration (<3, 3–10, and >10 kDa), and the bioactive properties of the peptide fractions were evaluated. In vitro α-amylase inhibition was assessed, along with immunomodulatory markers (NO, IL-6, and TNF-α), in an ex vivo RAW 264.7 cell model. Both gastric and intestinal digests exhibited significant α-amylase inhibition (20–45%), with the <3 kDa intestinal fraction showing the highest inhibition (45% at 20 mg/mL). Both gastric and intestinal <3 kDa fractions reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages subjected to a lipopolysaccharide challenge. HPLC-MS/MS analysis facilitated de novo sequencing of the peptide fractions, identifying 416 peptides resistant to SGID through the find-pep-seq script, which were further assessed in silico for toxicity, allergenicity, and bioavailability, revealing no significant risks and potential drug-likeness development. Molecular docking simulations of three peptides (RHWLPR, RATVSLPR, and QLSNLEQSLSDAEQR) with α-amylase and four peptides (PSPSLVWR, RHWLPR, YNLPMLR, and SDTLFFAR) with the TLR4/MD-2 complex suggesting potential roles in α-amylase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. The findings suggest that SI protein concentrates could be used in functional foods to prevent starch breakdown through α-amylase-inhibiting peptides released during digestion, reduce blood glucose, and mitigate inflammation and oxidative tissue damage.
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spelling doaj-art-e10579ebedd94bbba47f94a4cc53066d2025-08-20T03:08:53ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-03-01147123110.3390/foods14071231Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-CakeErwin Torres-Sánchez0Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga1Samuel Paterson2Blanca Hernández-Ledesma3Luis-Felipe Gutiérrez4Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaInstituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL-UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL-UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaSacha inchi (SI) oil press-cake (SIPC), a by-product of the sacha inchi oil extraction process, represents a novel protein source with potential bioactive applications in food. In this study, a sacha inchi protein concentrate (SPC) derived from SIPC was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) using the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol. The resulting digests were fractionated by ultrafiltration (<3, 3–10, and >10 kDa), and the bioactive properties of the peptide fractions were evaluated. In vitro α-amylase inhibition was assessed, along with immunomodulatory markers (NO, IL-6, and TNF-α), in an ex vivo RAW 264.7 cell model. Both gastric and intestinal digests exhibited significant α-amylase inhibition (20–45%), with the <3 kDa intestinal fraction showing the highest inhibition (45% at 20 mg/mL). Both gastric and intestinal <3 kDa fractions reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages subjected to a lipopolysaccharide challenge. HPLC-MS/MS analysis facilitated de novo sequencing of the peptide fractions, identifying 416 peptides resistant to SGID through the find-pep-seq script, which were further assessed in silico for toxicity, allergenicity, and bioavailability, revealing no significant risks and potential drug-likeness development. Molecular docking simulations of three peptides (RHWLPR, RATVSLPR, and QLSNLEQSLSDAEQR) with α-amylase and four peptides (PSPSLVWR, RHWLPR, YNLPMLR, and SDTLFFAR) with the TLR4/MD-2 complex suggesting potential roles in α-amylase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. The findings suggest that SI protein concentrates could be used in functional foods to prevent starch breakdown through α-amylase-inhibiting peptides released during digestion, reduce blood glucose, and mitigate inflammation and oxidative tissue damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1231bioactive peptidesbioavailabilitybioinformaticsmolecular docking<i>Plukenetia volubilis</i>
spellingShingle Erwin Torres-Sánchez
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
Samuel Paterson
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Luis-Felipe Gutiérrez
Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake
Foods
bioactive peptides
bioavailability
bioinformatics
molecular docking
<i>Plukenetia volubilis</i>
title Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake
title_full Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake
title_fullStr Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake
title_full_unstemmed Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake
title_short Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Peptide Fractions from Sacha Inchi Oil Press-Cake
title_sort antidiabetic and immunomodulatory properties of peptide fractions from sacha inchi oil press cake
topic bioactive peptides
bioavailability
bioinformatics
molecular docking
<i>Plukenetia volubilis</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1231
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