Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation
Abstract Background Although little is yet known about the long-term maintenance of very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) effects on body composition, muscle strength and inflammation, it is plausible to assume that changes may occur, particularly during the steps following the ketogenic step, d...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-06037-2 |
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| author | Giuseppe Annunziata Ludovica Verde Vincenzo D’Orsi Massimiliano Caprio Stefania Gorini Silvia Savastano Annamaria Colao Giovanna Muscogiuri Luigi Barrea |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Annunziata Ludovica Verde Vincenzo D’Orsi Massimiliano Caprio Stefania Gorini Silvia Savastano Annamaria Colao Giovanna Muscogiuri Luigi Barrea |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Annunziata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although little is yet known about the long-term maintenance of very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) effects on body composition, muscle strength and inflammation, it is plausible to assume that changes may occur, particularly during the steps following the ketogenic step, due to the loss of the protective effects of ketones and the concomitant reintroduction of carbohydrates. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 8 g per day of essential amino acids (EAAs) on these parameters. Methods A total of 68 women of reproductive age and with grade I obesity who had completed 45 days of the ketogenic phase with VLEKT (KeNuT protocol) and 40 days of non-ketogenic phase of KeNuT protocol with VLEKT (phase 3, fruit reintroduction) were included in the study. Half of them (n = 34) followed this first step of the re-educational phase of KeNuT protocol with VLEKT with supplementation with EAAs (Aminotrofic®: 4 g twice daily). Anthropometric parameters, body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were assessed at baseline, pre- and post both dietary interventions. Results At the end of 45 days of ketogenic phase with VLEKT (before fruit reintroduction and EAA supplementation), the two groups did not differ in any of the parameters assessed. At the end of the fruit reintroduction phase, the supplemented group showed greater magnitudes of reduction in weight, waist circumference, fat mass (FM) and hs-CRP (p < 0.001 for all) and of increase in muscle strength (p < 0.001), phase angle (p < 0.001), body cell mass (BCM) (p = 0.001), and muscle mass (%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion These results underline the usefulness of supplementation with EAAs during the first transitional phase post VLEKT to improve body composition (specifically reduction in FM and increase in BCM), muscle strength, and inflammatory status. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1001fd38046463d9933c4d4e5227037 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1479-5876 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1001fd38046463d9933c4d4e52270372025-01-26T12:50:14ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762025-01-0123111810.1186/s12967-024-06037-2Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammationGiuseppe Annunziata0Ludovica Verde1Vincenzo D’Orsi2Massimiliano Caprio3Stefania Gorini4Silvia Savastano5Annamaria Colao6Giovanna Muscogiuri7Luigi Barrea8Facoltà di Scienze Umane, della Formazione e dello Sport, Università Telematica PegasoDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityUnità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIUnità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIUnità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIDipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze della Salute, Università Telematica PegasoAbstract Background Although little is yet known about the long-term maintenance of very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) effects on body composition, muscle strength and inflammation, it is plausible to assume that changes may occur, particularly during the steps following the ketogenic step, due to the loss of the protective effects of ketones and the concomitant reintroduction of carbohydrates. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 8 g per day of essential amino acids (EAAs) on these parameters. Methods A total of 68 women of reproductive age and with grade I obesity who had completed 45 days of the ketogenic phase with VLEKT (KeNuT protocol) and 40 days of non-ketogenic phase of KeNuT protocol with VLEKT (phase 3, fruit reintroduction) were included in the study. Half of them (n = 34) followed this first step of the re-educational phase of KeNuT protocol with VLEKT with supplementation with EAAs (Aminotrofic®: 4 g twice daily). Anthropometric parameters, body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were assessed at baseline, pre- and post both dietary interventions. Results At the end of 45 days of ketogenic phase with VLEKT (before fruit reintroduction and EAA supplementation), the two groups did not differ in any of the parameters assessed. At the end of the fruit reintroduction phase, the supplemented group showed greater magnitudes of reduction in weight, waist circumference, fat mass (FM) and hs-CRP (p < 0.001 for all) and of increase in muscle strength (p < 0.001), phase angle (p < 0.001), body cell mass (BCM) (p = 0.001), and muscle mass (%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion These results underline the usefulness of supplementation with EAAs during the first transitional phase post VLEKT to improve body composition (specifically reduction in FM and increase in BCM), muscle strength, and inflammatory status.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-06037-2Very-low energy ketogenic therapyObesityEssential amino acidsBody cell massMuscle strengthInflammation |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Annunziata Ludovica Verde Vincenzo D’Orsi Massimiliano Caprio Stefania Gorini Silvia Savastano Annamaria Colao Giovanna Muscogiuri Luigi Barrea Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation Journal of Translational Medicine Very-low energy ketogenic therapy Obesity Essential amino acids Body cell mass Muscle strength Inflammation |
| title | Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation |
| title_full | Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation |
| title_short | Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation |
| title_sort | supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very low energy ketogenic therapy vlekt improves body cell mass muscle strength and inflammation |
| topic | Very-low energy ketogenic therapy Obesity Essential amino acids Body cell mass Muscle strength Inflammation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-06037-2 |
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