Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.

In many human cancers, the rate of cell growth depends crucially on the size of the tumor cell population. Low, zero, or negative growth at low population densities is known as the Allee effect; this effect has been studied extensively in ecology, but so far lacks a good explanation in the cancer se...

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Main Authors: Philip Gerlee, Philipp M Altrock, Adam Malik, Cecilia Krona, Sven Nelander
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-03-01
Series:PLoS Computational Biology
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009844&type=printable
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author Philip Gerlee
Philipp M Altrock
Adam Malik
Cecilia Krona
Sven Nelander
author_facet Philip Gerlee
Philipp M Altrock
Adam Malik
Cecilia Krona
Sven Nelander
author_sort Philip Gerlee
collection DOAJ
description In many human cancers, the rate of cell growth depends crucially on the size of the tumor cell population. Low, zero, or negative growth at low population densities is known as the Allee effect; this effect has been studied extensively in ecology, but so far lacks a good explanation in the cancer setting. Here, we formulate and analyze an individual-based model of cancer, in which cell division rates are increased by the local concentration of an autocrine growth factor produced by the cancer cells themselves. We show, analytically and by simulation, that autocrine signaling suffices to cause both strong and weak Allee effects. Whether low cell densities lead to negative (strong effect) or reduced (weak effect) growth rate depends directly on the ratio of cell death to proliferation, and indirectly on cellular dispersal. Our model is consistent with experimental observations from three patient-derived brain tumor cell lines grown at different densities. We propose that further studying and quantifying population-wide feedback, impacting cell growth, will be central for advancing our understanding of cancer dynamics and treatment, potentially exploiting Allee effects for therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-e0f7c0e08e3b4820bf9811e8e9bce0c82025-08-20T02:46:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Computational Biology1553-734X1553-73582022-03-01183e100984410.1371/journal.pcbi.1009844Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.Philip GerleePhilipp M AltrockAdam MalikCecilia KronaSven NelanderIn many human cancers, the rate of cell growth depends crucially on the size of the tumor cell population. Low, zero, or negative growth at low population densities is known as the Allee effect; this effect has been studied extensively in ecology, but so far lacks a good explanation in the cancer setting. Here, we formulate and analyze an individual-based model of cancer, in which cell division rates are increased by the local concentration of an autocrine growth factor produced by the cancer cells themselves. We show, analytically and by simulation, that autocrine signaling suffices to cause both strong and weak Allee effects. Whether low cell densities lead to negative (strong effect) or reduced (weak effect) growth rate depends directly on the ratio of cell death to proliferation, and indirectly on cellular dispersal. Our model is consistent with experimental observations from three patient-derived brain tumor cell lines grown at different densities. We propose that further studying and quantifying population-wide feedback, impacting cell growth, will be central for advancing our understanding of cancer dynamics and treatment, potentially exploiting Allee effects for therapy.https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009844&type=printable
spellingShingle Philip Gerlee
Philipp M Altrock
Adam Malik
Cecilia Krona
Sven Nelander
Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.
PLoS Computational Biology
title Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.
title_full Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.
title_fullStr Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.
title_full_unstemmed Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.
title_short Autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of Allee effects in cancer cell populations.
title_sort autocrine signaling can explain the emergence of allee effects in cancer cell populations
url https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009844&type=printable
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