Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)

Cyberloafing refers to the practice of employees using the Internet for non-work-related purposes during working hours. This study aims to develop a measurement scale for cyberloafing among employees, specifically those working in Indonesia. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first sta...

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Main Authors: Harlina Nurtjahjanti, Rahmat Hidayat, Indrayanti Indrayanti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-10-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024154072
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author Harlina Nurtjahjanti
Rahmat Hidayat
Indrayanti Indrayanti
author_facet Harlina Nurtjahjanti
Rahmat Hidayat
Indrayanti Indrayanti
author_sort Harlina Nurtjahjanti
collection DOAJ
description Cyberloafing refers to the practice of employees using the Internet for non-work-related purposes during working hours. This study aims to develop a measurement scale for cyberloafing among employees, specifically those working in Indonesia. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, items were developed through a literature review, theme selection using qualitative research, expert review, and item readability testing. The results from this stage were then used in the second stage, which involved psychometric testing of the instruments using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). A total of 726 administrative employees from seven state universities in a major city on Java Island, Indonesia, participated in the study. The EFA test, conducted on 300 respondents, revealed a four-factor structure consistent with the construct. Subsequently, CFA was performed on 426 respondents, confirming the model's adequacy with four factors: entertainment, interaction, transaction, and recreation. The EFA results, validated by the CFA test, indicated that these factors accounted for 45.98 % of entertainment, 9.40 % of interaction, 6.36 % of transactions, and 5.15 % of recreation in cyberloafing behavior. The findings demonstrate that the Employee Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS) is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing cyberloafing among Indonesian workers. The EWCS serves as a versatile tool for both government and private sectors, providing critical insights into personal internet usage during work hours. Beyond mere monitoring, it reveals patterns indicative of addictive online behavior, empowering organizations to develop tailored intervention programs that address and mitigate employee mental health challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-e0f75cfc0d414da7b63207194b5fd5f72025-08-20T02:13:59ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-10-011020e3937610.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39376Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)Harlina Nurtjahjanti0Rahmat Hidayat1Indrayanti Indrayanti2Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, IndonesiaFaculty of Psychology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia; Corresponding author. Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Special Region of Yogyakarta, IndonesiaCyberloafing refers to the practice of employees using the Internet for non-work-related purposes during working hours. This study aims to develop a measurement scale for cyberloafing among employees, specifically those working in Indonesia. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, items were developed through a literature review, theme selection using qualitative research, expert review, and item readability testing. The results from this stage were then used in the second stage, which involved psychometric testing of the instruments using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). A total of 726 administrative employees from seven state universities in a major city on Java Island, Indonesia, participated in the study. The EFA test, conducted on 300 respondents, revealed a four-factor structure consistent with the construct. Subsequently, CFA was performed on 426 respondents, confirming the model's adequacy with four factors: entertainment, interaction, transaction, and recreation. The EFA results, validated by the CFA test, indicated that these factors accounted for 45.98 % of entertainment, 9.40 % of interaction, 6.36 % of transactions, and 5.15 % of recreation in cyberloafing behavior. The findings demonstrate that the Employee Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS) is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing cyberloafing among Indonesian workers. The EWCS serves as a versatile tool for both government and private sectors, providing critical insights into personal internet usage during work hours. Beyond mere monitoring, it reveals patterns indicative of addictive online behavior, empowering organizations to develop tailored intervention programs that address and mitigate employee mental health challenges.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024154072EmployeeCyberloafingPsychometric evaluationEmployee's workplace Cyberloafing Scale
spellingShingle Harlina Nurtjahjanti
Rahmat Hidayat
Indrayanti Indrayanti
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)
Heliyon
Employee
Cyberloafing
Psychometric evaluation
Employee's workplace Cyberloafing Scale
title Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)
title_full Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)
title_fullStr Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)
title_full_unstemmed Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)
title_short Development and psychometric evaluation of the Employee's Workplace Cyberloafing Scale (EWCS)
title_sort development and psychometric evaluation of the employee s workplace cyberloafing scale ewcs
topic Employee
Cyberloafing
Psychometric evaluation
Employee's workplace Cyberloafing Scale
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024154072
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