Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments

Bovids are usually the most common large mammal family encountered in archaeological accumulations from African sites. However, despite their dominant status in bone assemblages, there are proportionally very few taxonomic studies of the southern African material. Here, we provide the first updated...

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Main Authors: Raphaël Hanon, Christine Steininger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-06-01
Series:Quaternary Environments and Humans
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000082
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author Raphaël Hanon
Christine Steininger
author_facet Raphaël Hanon
Christine Steininger
author_sort Raphaël Hanon
collection DOAJ
description Bovids are usually the most common large mammal family encountered in archaeological accumulations from African sites. However, despite their dominant status in bone assemblages, there are proportionally very few taxonomic studies of the southern African material. Here, we provide the first updated overview of the Southern African Bovidae fossil record from the Miocene to the Holocene. We used the bovid faunal list from 95 deposits comprising 65 species to provide an updated biochronology based on bovid assemblages. We define six bovid units (“Standard Bovid Units”) that will help to estimate the geological age of future deposits. Interestingly, the refined biochronology based on bovid assemblages does not fundamentally change from previous large mammal biochronological systems provided for the Cenozoic of Southern Africa. This strengthens the fact that bovids are a powerful proxy for biochronology that are still relevant today and incredibly stable over time. Unsurprisingly, the palaeoecological analysis based on bovid assemblages confirms the global aridification of the African continent throughout the Quaternary. Moreover, we identified an important gap in the fossil record between 5.1 and 2.6 Ma, highlighting a need to pursue effort on fieldwork and to provide detailed taxonomic analysis of bovid bone assemblages systematically.
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spelling doaj-art-e0f3390dcf5248b1b40886923fc3a9a02025-08-20T02:46:50ZengElsevierQuaternary Environments and Humans2950-23652024-06-012310001010.1016/j.qeh.2024.100010Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironmentsRaphaël Hanon0Christine Steininger1Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, Paris 75013, France; Corresponding author at: Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; GENUS: Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaBovids are usually the most common large mammal family encountered in archaeological accumulations from African sites. However, despite their dominant status in bone assemblages, there are proportionally very few taxonomic studies of the southern African material. Here, we provide the first updated overview of the Southern African Bovidae fossil record from the Miocene to the Holocene. We used the bovid faunal list from 95 deposits comprising 65 species to provide an updated biochronology based on bovid assemblages. We define six bovid units (“Standard Bovid Units”) that will help to estimate the geological age of future deposits. Interestingly, the refined biochronology based on bovid assemblages does not fundamentally change from previous large mammal biochronological systems provided for the Cenozoic of Southern Africa. This strengthens the fact that bovids are a powerful proxy for biochronology that are still relevant today and incredibly stable over time. Unsurprisingly, the palaeoecological analysis based on bovid assemblages confirms the global aridification of the African continent throughout the Quaternary. Moreover, we identified an important gap in the fossil record between 5.1 and 2.6 Ma, highlighting a need to pursue effort on fieldwork and to provide detailed taxonomic analysis of bovid bone assemblages systematically.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000082PalaeontologyTaxonomyEnvironmentBiochronologyTaphonomy
spellingShingle Raphaël Hanon
Christine Steininger
Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments
Quaternary Environments and Humans
Palaeontology
Taxonomy
Environment
Biochronology
Taphonomy
title Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments
title_full Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments
title_fullStr Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments
title_full_unstemmed Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments
title_short Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments
title_sort fossil bovidae mammalia artiodactyla from southern africa biochronology and palaeoenvironments
topic Palaeontology
Taxonomy
Environment
Biochronology
Taphonomy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000082
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