Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings
The global climate crisis has driven unprecedented agreements among nations on carbon mitigation. With China’s commitment to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, the building sector has emerged as a critical focus for emission reduction, particularly because office buildings account for ove...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2689 |
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| _version_ | 1849239768166039552 |
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| author | Hongjiang Liu Yuan Song Yawei Du Tao Feng Zhihou Yang |
| author_facet | Hongjiang Liu Yuan Song Yawei Du Tao Feng Zhihou Yang |
| author_sort | Hongjiang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The global climate crisis has driven unprecedented agreements among nations on carbon mitigation. With China’s commitment to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, the building sector has emerged as a critical focus for emission reduction, particularly because office buildings account for over 30% of building energy consumption. However, a systematic and regionally adaptive low-carbon technology evaluation framework is lacking. To address this gap, this study develops a multidimensional decision-making system to quantify and rank low-carbon technologies for office buildings in Beijing. The method includes four core components: (1) establishing three archetypal models—low-rise (H ≤ 24 m), mid-rise (24 m < H ≤ 50 m), and high-rise (50 m < H ≤ 100 m) office buildings—based on 99 office buildings in Beijing; (2) classifying 19 key technologies into three clusters—Envelope Structure Optimization, Equipment Efficiency Enhancement, and Renewable Energy Utilization—using bibliometric analysis and policy norm screening; (3) developing a four-dimensional evaluation framework encompassing Carbon Reduction Degree (CRD), Economic Viability Degree (EVD), Technical Applicability Degree (TAD), and Carbon Intensity Degree (CID); and (4) conducting a comprehensive quantitative evaluation using the AHP-entropy-TOPSIS algorithm. The results indicate distinct priority patterns across the building types: low-rise buildings prioritize roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, LED lighting, and thermal-break aluminum frames with low-E double-glazed laminated glass. Mid- and high-rise buildings emphasize integrated PV-LED-T8 lighting solutions and optimized building envelope structures. Ranking analysis further highlights LED lighting, T8 high-efficiency fluorescent lamps, and rooftop PV systems as the top-recommended technologies for Beijing. Additionally, four policy recommendations are proposed to facilitate the large-scale implementation of the program. This study presents a holistic technical integration strategy that simultaneously enhances the technological performance, economic viability, and carbon reduction outcomes of architectural design and renovation. It also establishes a replicable decision-support framework for decarbonizing office and public buildings in cities, thereby supporting China’s “dual carbon” goals and contributing to global carbon mitigation efforts in the building sector. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0ef483fc0564161ad5a897d6497c013 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0ef483fc0564161ad5a897d6497c0132025-08-20T04:00:50ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-07-011515268910.3390/buildings15152689Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office BuildingsHongjiang Liu0Yuan Song1Yawei Du2Tao Feng3Zhihou Yang4China Construction Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, ChinaChina Architecture Design and Research Group, Beijing 100044, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, ChinaPuyang Planning and Architectural Design Research Institute, Puyang 457181, ChinaBeijing Tisntergy Technology Ltd., Beijing 100085, ChinaThe global climate crisis has driven unprecedented agreements among nations on carbon mitigation. With China’s commitment to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, the building sector has emerged as a critical focus for emission reduction, particularly because office buildings account for over 30% of building energy consumption. However, a systematic and regionally adaptive low-carbon technology evaluation framework is lacking. To address this gap, this study develops a multidimensional decision-making system to quantify and rank low-carbon technologies for office buildings in Beijing. The method includes four core components: (1) establishing three archetypal models—low-rise (H ≤ 24 m), mid-rise (24 m < H ≤ 50 m), and high-rise (50 m < H ≤ 100 m) office buildings—based on 99 office buildings in Beijing; (2) classifying 19 key technologies into three clusters—Envelope Structure Optimization, Equipment Efficiency Enhancement, and Renewable Energy Utilization—using bibliometric analysis and policy norm screening; (3) developing a four-dimensional evaluation framework encompassing Carbon Reduction Degree (CRD), Economic Viability Degree (EVD), Technical Applicability Degree (TAD), and Carbon Intensity Degree (CID); and (4) conducting a comprehensive quantitative evaluation using the AHP-entropy-TOPSIS algorithm. The results indicate distinct priority patterns across the building types: low-rise buildings prioritize roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, LED lighting, and thermal-break aluminum frames with low-E double-glazed laminated glass. Mid- and high-rise buildings emphasize integrated PV-LED-T8 lighting solutions and optimized building envelope structures. Ranking analysis further highlights LED lighting, T8 high-efficiency fluorescent lamps, and rooftop PV systems as the top-recommended technologies for Beijing. Additionally, four policy recommendations are proposed to facilitate the large-scale implementation of the program. This study presents a holistic technical integration strategy that simultaneously enhances the technological performance, economic viability, and carbon reduction outcomes of architectural design and renovation. It also establishes a replicable decision-support framework for decarbonizing office and public buildings in cities, thereby supporting China’s “dual carbon” goals and contributing to global carbon mitigation efforts in the building sector.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2689carbon emissionslow-carbon technologiesevaluation systemmultidimensional evaluationoffice buildings |
| spellingShingle | Hongjiang Liu Yuan Song Yawei Du Tao Feng Zhihou Yang Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings Buildings carbon emissions low-carbon technologies evaluation system multidimensional evaluation office buildings |
| title | Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings |
| title_full | Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings |
| title_fullStr | Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings |
| title_short | Multidimensional Evaluation Framework and Classification Strategy for Low-Carbon Technologies in Office Buildings |
| title_sort | multidimensional evaluation framework and classification strategy for low carbon technologies in office buildings |
| topic | carbon emissions low-carbon technologies evaluation system multidimensional evaluation office buildings |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2689 |
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