Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) are one of the fast-growing directions that plays a significant role in the area of autonomous driving. To realize collaborative computation among ICVs, federated learning (FL) or federated-based large language model (FedLLM) as a promising distributed approach...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yang Bai, Yutang Rao, Hongyan Wu, Juan Wang, Wentao Yang, Gaojie Xing, Jiawei Yang, Xiaoshu Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:IET Information Security
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ise2/4632786
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849729574720503808
author Yang Bai
Yutang Rao
Hongyan Wu
Juan Wang
Wentao Yang
Gaojie Xing
Jiawei Yang
Xiaoshu Yuan
author_facet Yang Bai
Yutang Rao
Hongyan Wu
Juan Wang
Wentao Yang
Gaojie Xing
Jiawei Yang
Xiaoshu Yuan
author_sort Yang Bai
collection DOAJ
description Intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) are one of the fast-growing directions that plays a significant role in the area of autonomous driving. To realize collaborative computation among ICVs, federated learning (FL) or federated-based large language model (FedLLM) as a promising distributed approach has been used to support various collaborative application computations in ICVs scenarios, for example, analyzing vehicle driving information to realize trajectory prediction, voice-activated controls, conversational AI assistants. Unfortunately, recent research reveals that FL systems are still faced with privacy challenges from honest-but-curious server, honest-but-curious distributed participants, or the collusion between participants and the server. These threats can lead to the leakage of sensitive private data, such as location information and driving conditions. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is one of the typical mitigation that has few effects on the model accuracy and has been studied before. However, single-key HE cannot resist collusion between participants and the server, multikey HE is not suitable for ICVs scenarios. In this work, we proposed a novel approach that combines FL with homomorphic proxy re-encryption (PRE) which is based on participants’ ID information. By doing so, the FL-based ICVs can be able to successfully defend against privacy threats. In addition, we analyze the security and performance of our method, and the theoretical analysis and the experiment results show that our defense framework with ID-based homomorphic PRE can achieve a high-security level and efficient computation. We anticipate that our approach can serve as a fundamental point to support the extensive research on FedLLMs privacy-preserving.
format Article
id doaj-art-e0dc69b578934681b0c8c678d545bd82
institution DOAJ
issn 1751-8717
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series IET Information Security
spelling doaj-art-e0dc69b578934681b0c8c678d545bd822025-08-20T03:09:11ZengWileyIET Information Security1751-87172025-01-01202510.1049/ise2/4632786Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected VehiclesYang Bai0Yutang Rao1Hongyan Wu2Juan Wang3Wentao Yang4Gaojie Xing5Jiawei Yang6Xiaoshu Yuan7School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)School of Cybersecurity (Xin Gu Industrial College)Energy Equipment Cyber Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceIntelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) are one of the fast-growing directions that plays a significant role in the area of autonomous driving. To realize collaborative computation among ICVs, federated learning (FL) or federated-based large language model (FedLLM) as a promising distributed approach has been used to support various collaborative application computations in ICVs scenarios, for example, analyzing vehicle driving information to realize trajectory prediction, voice-activated controls, conversational AI assistants. Unfortunately, recent research reveals that FL systems are still faced with privacy challenges from honest-but-curious server, honest-but-curious distributed participants, or the collusion between participants and the server. These threats can lead to the leakage of sensitive private data, such as location information and driving conditions. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is one of the typical mitigation that has few effects on the model accuracy and has been studied before. However, single-key HE cannot resist collusion between participants and the server, multikey HE is not suitable for ICVs scenarios. In this work, we proposed a novel approach that combines FL with homomorphic proxy re-encryption (PRE) which is based on participants’ ID information. By doing so, the FL-based ICVs can be able to successfully defend against privacy threats. In addition, we analyze the security and performance of our method, and the theoretical analysis and the experiment results show that our defense framework with ID-based homomorphic PRE can achieve a high-security level and efficient computation. We anticipate that our approach can serve as a fundamental point to support the extensive research on FedLLMs privacy-preserving.http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ise2/4632786
spellingShingle Yang Bai
Yutang Rao
Hongyan Wu
Juan Wang
Wentao Yang
Gaojie Xing
Jiawei Yang
Xiaoshu Yuan
Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles
IET Information Security
title Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_full Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_fullStr Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_short Using Homomorphic Proxy Re-Encryption to Enhance Security and Privacy of Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_sort using homomorphic proxy re encryption to enhance security and privacy of federated learning based intelligent connected vehicles
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ise2/4632786
work_keys_str_mv AT yangbai usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT yutangrao usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT hongyanwu usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT juanwang usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT wentaoyang usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT gaojiexing usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT jiaweiyang usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT xiaoshuyuan usinghomomorphicproxyreencryptiontoenhancesecurityandprivacyoffederatedlearningbasedintelligentconnectedvehicles