Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose

g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, a biocompatible material, has prominent applications in biology and is ideal for nano-enzyme studies. Though reported as a peroxidase mimic, its activity remains low. This group combined N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) with g-C<sub>...

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Main Authors: Chang Feng, Yufeng Chen, Weie Wang, Yanan Niu, Xi Cao, Yuguang Lv
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/752
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author Chang Feng
Yufeng Chen
Weie Wang
Yanan Niu
Xi Cao
Yuguang Lv
author_facet Chang Feng
Yufeng Chen
Weie Wang
Yanan Niu
Xi Cao
Yuguang Lv
author_sort Chang Feng
collection DOAJ
description g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, a biocompatible material, has prominent applications in biology and is ideal for nano-enzyme studies. Though reported as a peroxidase mimic, its activity remains low. This group combined N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (7NSC-g), verifying its peroxidase-like activity. Based on this, a ternary composite of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in different forms and 7NSC-g was developed to enhance peroxidase activity, to design a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based composite enzyme. Characterizations determined the composition and morphology. Colorimetry evaluated peroxidase activity, where the simulated enzyme catalyzes blue product formation from the TMB substrate in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. UV-Vis spectrophotometry measured absorbance changes to determine target concentrations. The results show Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> doping improves catalytic activity, with larger specific surface area providing more activation sites. The highest activity of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was at 5% floral Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, being efficient due to Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>’s electron-transfer acceleration and hydroxyl-radical mechanism. Under optimal conditions, the composite detected H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10.0–230.0 μM, detection limit of 0.031 μM) and glucose (10.0–650.0 μM, detection limit of 1.024 μM).
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spelling doaj-art-e0db11bda3264f87b9a37ac19f15f9a22025-08-20T03:14:39ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-05-01151075210.3390/nano15100752Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and GlucoseChang Feng0Yufeng Chen1Weie Wang2Yanan Niu3Xi Cao4Yuguang Lv5School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157000, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157000, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Chinag-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, a biocompatible material, has prominent applications in biology and is ideal for nano-enzyme studies. Though reported as a peroxidase mimic, its activity remains low. This group combined N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (7NSC-g), verifying its peroxidase-like activity. Based on this, a ternary composite of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in different forms and 7NSC-g was developed to enhance peroxidase activity, to design a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based composite enzyme. Characterizations determined the composition and morphology. Colorimetry evaluated peroxidase activity, where the simulated enzyme catalyzes blue product formation from the TMB substrate in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. UV-Vis spectrophotometry measured absorbance changes to determine target concentrations. The results show Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> doping improves catalytic activity, with larger specific surface area providing more activation sites. The highest activity of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was at 5% floral Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, being efficient due to Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>’s electron-transfer acceleration and hydroxyl-radical mechanism. Under optimal conditions, the composite detected H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10.0–230.0 μM, detection limit of 0.031 μM) and glucose (10.0–650.0 μM, detection limit of 1.024 μM).https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/752g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>peroxidase mimicN,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs)Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>colorimetric detection
spellingShingle Chang Feng
Yufeng Chen
Weie Wang
Yanan Niu
Xi Cao
Yuguang Lv
Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
Nanomaterials
g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
peroxidase mimic
N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs)
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>
colorimetric detection
title Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
title_full Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
title_fullStr Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
title_full_unstemmed Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
title_short Preparation of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
title_sort preparation of g c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub co sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub ns cqds composite materials and their application in the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose
topic g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
peroxidase mimic
N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs)
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>
colorimetric detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/752
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