Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs

Abstract Objective This meta-analysis is aimed to verify the effectiveness and safety of Photobiomodulation (PBM) on body measurements, metabolic indicators, and inflammation indicators in obese patients across randomized controlled trials with various comparators. Methods From the inception of data...

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Main Authors: Wenjuan Sun, Zexiang Zhuang, Li Yang, Jie Zhou, Linan Zhang, Junhua Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04874-2
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author Wenjuan Sun
Zexiang Zhuang
Li Yang
Jie Zhou
Linan Zhang
Junhua Yuan
author_facet Wenjuan Sun
Zexiang Zhuang
Li Yang
Jie Zhou
Linan Zhang
Junhua Yuan
author_sort Wenjuan Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This meta-analysis is aimed to verify the effectiveness and safety of Photobiomodulation (PBM) on body measurements, metabolic indicators, and inflammation indicators in obese patients across randomized controlled trials with various comparators. Methods From the inception of databases to January 5, 2025, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Two reviewers independently performed the search, extracted data, and assessed study quality based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.4 software. The reporting and quality assessment of this review study was guided by the PRISMA and AMSTAR. Results Eleven RCTs with a total of 569 patients were included in meta-analysis. The pooled data revealed that PBM demonstrated significantly improvements in body anthropometric measurements, such as waistline [MD = - 7.28, 95% CI (- 9.97 to - 5.67), p < 0.00001], weight [MD = - 3.54, 95% CI (- 5.97 to - 1.11), p < 0.00001], BMI [MD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.93 to - 0.43), p = 0.002]. PBM also showed potential in the reduction of CRP [MD = - 0.99, 95% CI (- 1.17 to - 0.82), p < 0.00001], as well as in TC, and HOMA-IR, which is [MD = - 23.01, 95% CI (- 31.68 to - 14.35), p < 0.00001] and [MD = - 0.46, 95% CI (- 0.73 to - 0.20), p = 0.0007] respectively. No significant differences were found in reducing WHR [MD = - 0.05, 95% CI (- 0.1 to 0.00), p = 0.05], fat mass percentage [MD = - 0.28, 95% CI (- 1.25 to 0.69), p = 0.57] and insulin [MD = - 1.98, 95% CI (- 4.20 to 0.23), p = 0.08]. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that PBM may offer potential benefits for treating obesity, showing some improvements in key indicators such as BMI, weight, waist circumference, CRP, TC, and HOMA-IR compared to exercise, dietary changes, and sham PBM. However, further theoretical exploration of PBM is needed, and multi-center, large-scale trials with longer follow-up durations and demographic range are necessary to confirm and validate the findings of our study. Registration number CRD42024532988.
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spelling doaj-art-e0d47e74650c40179c7e35ea66b788f62025-08-20T02:16:06ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-04-0125111410.1186/s12906-025-04874-2Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTsWenjuan Sun0Zexiang Zhuang1Li Yang2Jie Zhou3Linan Zhang4Junhua Yuan5Health Management Center, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalGariatric Ward, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalRehabilitation Department, Peking University Shenzhen HospitalNursing Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalNursing Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityAbstract Objective This meta-analysis is aimed to verify the effectiveness and safety of Photobiomodulation (PBM) on body measurements, metabolic indicators, and inflammation indicators in obese patients across randomized controlled trials with various comparators. Methods From the inception of databases to January 5, 2025, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Two reviewers independently performed the search, extracted data, and assessed study quality based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.4 software. The reporting and quality assessment of this review study was guided by the PRISMA and AMSTAR. Results Eleven RCTs with a total of 569 patients were included in meta-analysis. The pooled data revealed that PBM demonstrated significantly improvements in body anthropometric measurements, such as waistline [MD = - 7.28, 95% CI (- 9.97 to - 5.67), p < 0.00001], weight [MD = - 3.54, 95% CI (- 5.97 to - 1.11), p < 0.00001], BMI [MD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.93 to - 0.43), p = 0.002]. PBM also showed potential in the reduction of CRP [MD = - 0.99, 95% CI (- 1.17 to - 0.82), p < 0.00001], as well as in TC, and HOMA-IR, which is [MD = - 23.01, 95% CI (- 31.68 to - 14.35), p < 0.00001] and [MD = - 0.46, 95% CI (- 0.73 to - 0.20), p = 0.0007] respectively. No significant differences were found in reducing WHR [MD = - 0.05, 95% CI (- 0.1 to 0.00), p = 0.05], fat mass percentage [MD = - 0.28, 95% CI (- 1.25 to 0.69), p = 0.57] and insulin [MD = - 1.98, 95% CI (- 4.20 to 0.23), p = 0.08]. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that PBM may offer potential benefits for treating obesity, showing some improvements in key indicators such as BMI, weight, waist circumference, CRP, TC, and HOMA-IR compared to exercise, dietary changes, and sham PBM. However, further theoretical exploration of PBM is needed, and multi-center, large-scale trials with longer follow-up durations and demographic range are necessary to confirm and validate the findings of our study. Registration number CRD42024532988.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04874-2Low-level laser therapyPhotobiomodulationObesityMeta-analysisAnthropometricsMetabolism
spellingShingle Wenjuan Sun
Zexiang Zhuang
Li Yang
Jie Zhou
Linan Zhang
Junhua Yuan
Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Low-level laser therapy
Photobiomodulation
Obesity
Meta-analysis
Anthropometrics
Metabolism
title Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
title_full Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
title_fullStr Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
title_short Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
title_sort effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in improving health indicators in obese patients a systematic review and meta analysis of rcts
topic Low-level laser therapy
Photobiomodulation
Obesity
Meta-analysis
Anthropometrics
Metabolism
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04874-2
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