Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) remains a major health threat to children under five, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ARTI leads to the hospitalization of over 12 million children annually, with approximately o...

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Main Authors: Mahnaz Ramzali, Saeed Samadizadeh, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Leila Barati, Britt Nakstad, Alireza Tahamtan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1396142/full
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author Mahnaz Ramzali
Saeed Samadizadeh
Mohsen Ebrahimi
Leila Barati
Britt Nakstad
Britt Nakstad
Alireza Tahamtan
Alireza Tahamtan
author_facet Mahnaz Ramzali
Saeed Samadizadeh
Mohsen Ebrahimi
Leila Barati
Britt Nakstad
Britt Nakstad
Alireza Tahamtan
Alireza Tahamtan
author_sort Mahnaz Ramzali
collection DOAJ
description Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) remains a major health threat to children under five, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ARTI leads to the hospitalization of over 12 million children annually, with approximately one million fatalities, one-third of which occur in low-income countries. The respiratory tract hosts diverse microorganisms, among which pathogenic viruses and bacteria are the leading causes of ARTI. Several risk factors—including age, gender, living conditions, seasonality, and underlying diseases—can influence disease severity. Documenting detailed case series that highlight the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric ARTI, particularly in children with complex underlying conditions, is essential for understanding its impact and guiding clinical decision-making. This manuscript presents a case series of eight pediatric patients from Taleghani Children's Hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran, who tragically succumbed to respiratory viral infections, offering insights into the challenges of managing severe ARTI in children.
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spelling doaj-art-e0d21b76543c488ab69a2ebdc10f6b7b2025-08-20T02:28:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-05-011310.3389/fped.2025.13961421396142Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in IranMahnaz Ramzali0Saeed Samadizadeh1Mohsen Ebrahimi2Leila Barati3Britt Nakstad4Britt Nakstad5Alireza Tahamtan6Alireza Tahamtan7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranWellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United KingdomNeonatal and Children’s Hospital Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranNeonatal and Children’s Hospital Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranDepartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, BotswanaDivision of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranInfectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranAcute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) remains a major health threat to children under five, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ARTI leads to the hospitalization of over 12 million children annually, with approximately one million fatalities, one-third of which occur in low-income countries. The respiratory tract hosts diverse microorganisms, among which pathogenic viruses and bacteria are the leading causes of ARTI. Several risk factors—including age, gender, living conditions, seasonality, and underlying diseases—can influence disease severity. Documenting detailed case series that highlight the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric ARTI, particularly in children with complex underlying conditions, is essential for understanding its impact and guiding clinical decision-making. This manuscript presents a case series of eight pediatric patients from Taleghani Children's Hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran, who tragically succumbed to respiratory viral infections, offering insights into the challenges of managing severe ARTI in children.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1396142/fullcase seriesviral respiratory infectionspediatric failureacute respiratory tract infectionIran
spellingShingle Mahnaz Ramzali
Saeed Samadizadeh
Mohsen Ebrahimi
Leila Barati
Britt Nakstad
Britt Nakstad
Alireza Tahamtan
Alireza Tahamtan
Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran
Frontiers in Pediatrics
case series
viral respiratory infections
pediatric failure
acute respiratory tract infection
Iran
title Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran
title_full Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran
title_fullStr Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran
title_short Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran
title_sort case report pediatric respiratory viral infection failure a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in iran
topic case series
viral respiratory infections
pediatric failure
acute respiratory tract infection
Iran
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1396142/full
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