Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023
Pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i>’s contamination of cheeks, tongues, and other pork meats at retail was assessed in 2023, over 9 months. A total of 111 samples of cheeks, 104 of tongues, and 160 of fresh meat were taken at retail from the 13 regions of mainland France. The level of co...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Martine Denis Arnaud Felten Linda Ducret Emmanuelle Houard Manon Tasset Delphine Novi Marianne Chemaly |
| author_facet | Martine Denis Arnaud Felten Linda Ducret Emmanuelle Houard Manon Tasset Delphine Novi Marianne Chemaly |
| author_sort | Martine Denis |
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| description | Pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i>’s contamination of cheeks, tongues, and other pork meats at retail was assessed in 2023, over 9 months. A total of 111 samples of cheeks, 104 of tongues, and 160 of fresh meat were taken at retail from the 13 regions of mainland France. The level of contamination was 16.0%, with a higher contamination in tongues (39.4%), followed by cheeks (16.4%). Only one meat sample was contaminated. Of the 128 isolated strains, 97.6% were of the BT4 biotype. Depending on the method used to check the presence of the plasmid—yadA-PCR, CR-MOX testing, or sequencing—the results were not consistent for some strains, but most of the strains (≥ to 65%) had the virulent plasmid pYV. All the BT4 strains (except two strains) carried the sequence ST18; they were distributed in 54 cgMLST genotypes. The genetic diversity of the strains was very high, whatever the typing method used, including cgMLST, wgMLST, and cgSNP. There was higher contamination in tongues and cheeks, and lower contamination in meat, suggesting that the head deboning step is riskier than the evisceration step for contamination by pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica.</i> This pathogen remains a zoonotic agent of public health importance to be monitored in pigs. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e0ca64047ec14030803bfbb1c44fb1712025-08-20T02:42:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Microbiology2673-80072025-02-01511510.3390/applmicrobiol5010015Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023Martine Denis0Arnaud Felten1Linda Ducret2Emmanuelle Houard3Manon Tasset4Delphine Novi5Marianne Chemaly6Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, FrancePloufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, FrancePloufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, FrancePloufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, FrancePloufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, FranceDGAL (French General Directorate for Food), Integrated Risk Management Office, Sub-Directorate of Europe, of International and of Integrated Risk Management, 75015 Paris, FrancePloufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, FrancePathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i>’s contamination of cheeks, tongues, and other pork meats at retail was assessed in 2023, over 9 months. A total of 111 samples of cheeks, 104 of tongues, and 160 of fresh meat were taken at retail from the 13 regions of mainland France. The level of contamination was 16.0%, with a higher contamination in tongues (39.4%), followed by cheeks (16.4%). Only one meat sample was contaminated. Of the 128 isolated strains, 97.6% were of the BT4 biotype. Depending on the method used to check the presence of the plasmid—yadA-PCR, CR-MOX testing, or sequencing—the results were not consistent for some strains, but most of the strains (≥ to 65%) had the virulent plasmid pYV. All the BT4 strains (except two strains) carried the sequence ST18; they were distributed in 54 cgMLST genotypes. The genetic diversity of the strains was very high, whatever the typing method used, including cgMLST, wgMLST, and cgSNP. There was higher contamination in tongues and cheeks, and lower contamination in meat, suggesting that the head deboning step is riskier than the evisceration step for contamination by pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica.</i> This pathogen remains a zoonotic agent of public health importance to be monitored in pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/5/1/15<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>porkretailpYV plasmidMLSTcgMLST |
| spellingShingle | Martine Denis Arnaud Felten Linda Ducret Emmanuelle Houard Manon Tasset Delphine Novi Marianne Chemaly Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023 Applied Microbiology <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> pork retail pYV plasmid MLST cgMLST |
| title | Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023 |
| title_full | Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023 |
| title_short | Pathogenic <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>’s Contamination of Cheeks, Tongues, and Other Pork Meats at Retail in France, 2023 |
| title_sort | pathogenic i yersinia enterocolitica i s contamination of cheeks tongues and other pork meats at retail in france 2023 |
| topic | <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> pork retail pYV plasmid MLST cgMLST |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/5/1/15 |
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