The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study

Abstract Background Adaptive treatment planning can be made in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients for reasons such as changes in tumor volume or weight loss. This study aims to find the role of treatment planning images in monitoring radiotherapy-induced malnutrition and predicting the ma...

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Main Authors: Beste M. Atasoy, Birsen Demirel, Feyza Nur Ekşi Özdaş, Bennur Devran, Zehra Nur Kılıç, Dilek Gül
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Radiation Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-025-02645-4
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author Beste M. Atasoy
Birsen Demirel
Feyza Nur Ekşi Özdaş
Bennur Devran
Zehra Nur Kılıç
Dilek Gül
author_facet Beste M. Atasoy
Birsen Demirel
Feyza Nur Ekşi Özdaş
Bennur Devran
Zehra Nur Kılıç
Dilek Gül
author_sort Beste M. Atasoy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Adaptive treatment planning can be made in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients for reasons such as changes in tumor volume or weight loss. This study aims to find the role of treatment planning images in monitoring radiotherapy-induced malnutrition and predicting the malnutrition-induced prognosis in head and neck cancer patients. Methods For this study, we analyzed 30 patients who received radiotherapy in our clinic between September 2018 and September 2021. Those patients, both regular and completed weekly dietitian counseling notes during radiotherapy and available adaptive radiotherapy planning images, were included in the analysis. All patients had weekly nutritional interventions, including nutritional and anthropometric changes in weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and lean body mass (LBM). Skeletal muscle volume, called cervical muscle gauge (CMG), was measured from the simulation images of beginning and adaptive radiotherapy. Inflammatory parameters, including the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic inflammatory index (SII), were also calculated from weekly total blood counts. For the analysis, anthropometric measurements were compared at the beginning and adaptive treatment time. Progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival were calculated according to weight and CMG changes. Results The median weight loss percentage was 4.8% (0 to 24%). The mean percentage of weight changes, LBM, and CMG were 6.33%, 3.47%, and 9.28%, respectively. Results indicated that BMI (p = 006), weight (p < 0.001), LBM (p < 0.001), and CMG (p = 0.057) decreased during radiotherapy. Hemoglobin levels decreased (p = 0.005), and inflammatory markers increased. There were significant correlations between weight and LBM (p < 0.0001) and CMG (p = 0.005) loss. The median follow-up was 26 months. Loss of weight (PFS; 65.5% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.09, OS; 73.7% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.09), LBM (PFS; 75% vs. 41.1%, p = 0.118, OS; 65.6% vs. 52%, p = 0.221) and CMG (PFS; 56.3% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.516, OS;76.9% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.059) negatively affected three-year survival. Conclusions Cervical muscle volume measurement may help predict malnutrition in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Our study shows adaptive planning images may be used for this approach. In addition, this method may help to predict prognosis due to malnutrition in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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spelling doaj-art-e0ca24e815924ee8a9dc30c5d2fcd56a2025-08-20T01:47:29ZengBMCRadiation Oncology1748-717X2025-05-0120111010.1186/s13014-025-02645-4The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot studyBeste M. Atasoy0Birsen Demirel1Feyza Nur Ekşi Özdaş2Bennur Devran3Zehra Nur Kılıç4Dilek Gül5Department of Radiation Oncology, Marmara University School of MedicineFaculty of Health Science Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityNutrition and Dietetic Division, MH-Marmara University Pendik Education and Research HospitalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Marmara University School of MedicineMarmara University School of MedicineRadiation Oncology Clinic, MH-Marmara University Pendik Education and Research HospitalAbstract Background Adaptive treatment planning can be made in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients for reasons such as changes in tumor volume or weight loss. This study aims to find the role of treatment planning images in monitoring radiotherapy-induced malnutrition and predicting the malnutrition-induced prognosis in head and neck cancer patients. Methods For this study, we analyzed 30 patients who received radiotherapy in our clinic between September 2018 and September 2021. Those patients, both regular and completed weekly dietitian counseling notes during radiotherapy and available adaptive radiotherapy planning images, were included in the analysis. All patients had weekly nutritional interventions, including nutritional and anthropometric changes in weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and lean body mass (LBM). Skeletal muscle volume, called cervical muscle gauge (CMG), was measured from the simulation images of beginning and adaptive radiotherapy. Inflammatory parameters, including the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic inflammatory index (SII), were also calculated from weekly total blood counts. For the analysis, anthropometric measurements were compared at the beginning and adaptive treatment time. Progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival were calculated according to weight and CMG changes. Results The median weight loss percentage was 4.8% (0 to 24%). The mean percentage of weight changes, LBM, and CMG were 6.33%, 3.47%, and 9.28%, respectively. Results indicated that BMI (p = 006), weight (p < 0.001), LBM (p < 0.001), and CMG (p = 0.057) decreased during radiotherapy. Hemoglobin levels decreased (p = 0.005), and inflammatory markers increased. There were significant correlations between weight and LBM (p < 0.0001) and CMG (p = 0.005) loss. The median follow-up was 26 months. Loss of weight (PFS; 65.5% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.09, OS; 73.7% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.09), LBM (PFS; 75% vs. 41.1%, p = 0.118, OS; 65.6% vs. 52%, p = 0.221) and CMG (PFS; 56.3% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.516, OS;76.9% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.059) negatively affected three-year survival. Conclusions Cervical muscle volume measurement may help predict malnutrition in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Our study shows adaptive planning images may be used for this approach. In addition, this method may help to predict prognosis due to malnutrition in patients undergoing radiotherapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-025-02645-4Adaptive radiotherapy imagesCervical muscle gaugeHead and neck cancerMalnutritionRadiotherapy
spellingShingle Beste M. Atasoy
Birsen Demirel
Feyza Nur Ekşi Özdaş
Bennur Devran
Zehra Nur Kılıç
Dilek Gül
The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study
Radiation Oncology
Adaptive radiotherapy images
Cervical muscle gauge
Head and neck cancer
Malnutrition
Radiotherapy
title The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study
title_full The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study
title_fullStr The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study
title_full_unstemmed The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study
title_short The role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients: a pilot study
title_sort role of radiotherapy planning images in monitoring malnutrition and predicting prognosis in head and neck cancer patients a pilot study
topic Adaptive radiotherapy images
Cervical muscle gauge
Head and neck cancer
Malnutrition
Radiotherapy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-025-02645-4
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