A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel

In this paper a systematic literature review on safety and risk assessment at ports storing and transferring ammonia is performed. Regulations and ISO standards for ammonia safety have been considered. In addition, various classification societies have issued guidelines for assessing hazards and ris...

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Main Authors: Nicoleta Pocitarenco, Olga Aneziris, Ioanna Koromila, Zoe Nivolianitou, Marko Gerbec, Vladislav Maras, Ernesto Salzano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. 2025-06-01
Series:Chemical Engineering Transactions
Online Access:https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/15231
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author Nicoleta Pocitarenco
Olga Aneziris
Ioanna Koromila
Zoe Nivolianitou
Marko Gerbec
Vladislav Maras
Ernesto Salzano
author_facet Nicoleta Pocitarenco
Olga Aneziris
Ioanna Koromila
Zoe Nivolianitou
Marko Gerbec
Vladislav Maras
Ernesto Salzano
author_sort Nicoleta Pocitarenco
collection DOAJ
description In this paper a systematic literature review on safety and risk assessment at ports storing and transferring ammonia is performed. Regulations and ISO standards for ammonia safety have been considered. In addition, various classification societies have issued guidelines for assessing hazards and risks of ammonia storage at ports and during bunkering, such as DNV and ABS. International and regional maritime organizations have also contributed to the systematic understanding and enforcement of risk assessment methodologies. The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) provided an overview of the challenges and opportunities with particular focus on safety regulations and risk assessment of fuel merchant ships. The Green Shipping Programme (GSP), provided the regulatory framework and a comparison between ammonia and LNG as a marine fuel. Companies such as Alfa Naval, Hafnia, Haldor Tosoa, Vestas and Siemens have collaborated to explore the potential of ammonia as a marine fuel and have provided an industrial vision and a roadmap. The Seveso directive on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, which has been applied to ammonia on land based installations since 1982, is also a valuable regulation for ports, where large quantities of ammonia may be stored. A literature review regarding scientific papers concerning risk assessment of ammonia at ships has also been performed and the aim is to investigate scientific and harmonization gaps of ammonia safety in the marine sector, within the EU.
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issn 2283-9216
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-e0c58341e1044f07b97eac73d691994c2025-08-20T03:24:55ZengAIDIC Servizi S.r.l.Chemical Engineering Transactions2283-92162025-06-01116A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine FuelNicoleta PocitarencoOlga AnezirisIoanna KoromilaZoe NivolianitouMarko GerbecVladislav MarasErnesto SalzanoIn this paper a systematic literature review on safety and risk assessment at ports storing and transferring ammonia is performed. Regulations and ISO standards for ammonia safety have been considered. In addition, various classification societies have issued guidelines for assessing hazards and risks of ammonia storage at ports and during bunkering, such as DNV and ABS. International and regional maritime organizations have also contributed to the systematic understanding and enforcement of risk assessment methodologies. The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) provided an overview of the challenges and opportunities with particular focus on safety regulations and risk assessment of fuel merchant ships. The Green Shipping Programme (GSP), provided the regulatory framework and a comparison between ammonia and LNG as a marine fuel. Companies such as Alfa Naval, Hafnia, Haldor Tosoa, Vestas and Siemens have collaborated to explore the potential of ammonia as a marine fuel and have provided an industrial vision and a roadmap. The Seveso directive on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, which has been applied to ammonia on land based installations since 1982, is also a valuable regulation for ports, where large quantities of ammonia may be stored. A literature review regarding scientific papers concerning risk assessment of ammonia at ships has also been performed and the aim is to investigate scientific and harmonization gaps of ammonia safety in the marine sector, within the EU.https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/15231
spellingShingle Nicoleta Pocitarenco
Olga Aneziris
Ioanna Koromila
Zoe Nivolianitou
Marko Gerbec
Vladislav Maras
Ernesto Salzano
A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel
Chemical Engineering Transactions
title A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel
title_full A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel
title_fullStr A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel
title_short A Systematic Literature Review on Safety of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel
title_sort systematic literature review on safety of ammonia as a marine fuel
url https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/15231
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