Improving Chinese Fir Plantations DBH Inversion Accuracy Using Ensemble Learning Models Base on UAV-LiDAR

Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a fundamental measurement indicator in forest resource surveys. This study explores the use of uncrewed aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) for individual tree DBH inversion in Chinese fir (<italic>Cunninghamia lanceolata</italic>) pl...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiuen Xu, Yinyin Zhao, Xuejian Li, Lujin Lv, Jiacong Yu, Meixuan Song, Lei Huang, Fangjie Mao, Huaqiang Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10964709/
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Summary:Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a fundamental measurement indicator in forest resource surveys. This study explores the use of uncrewed aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) for individual tree DBH inversion in Chinese fir (<italic>Cunninghamia lanceolata</italic>) plantations with complex terrain and rich understory vegetation, and compares the results with those from Backpack-LiDAR. First, individual tree segmentation was performed on the UAV-LiDAR point cloud data from the study area, and individual tree point cloud feature variables were extracted by applying different height thresholds. Then, three types of models&#x2014;statistical model multiple linear regression (MLR), traditional machine learning models including K-nearest neighbor regression and support vector regression, and ensemble learning models including random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and categorical boosting (CatBoost)&#x2014;were employed for DBH inversion. The results show that: 1) Using data above a 5-m height threshold effectively reduces interference from understory vegetation; 2) Key feature variables, such as canopy volume (V), tree height (Hmax), the interquartile range of cumulative height percentiles (AIHiq), and canopy area (S), significantly affect DBH inversion, with V contributing 25% to the feature importance; 3) Ensemble learning models, particularly CatBoost, outperform the other models, achieving an <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> of 0.81% &#x2014;14.1% higher than MLR; 4) DBH inversion closely matches field observed data, and UAV-LiDAR performs better than Backpack-LiDAR in complex forest environments. This study provides an efficient and cost-effective approach to forest resource monitoring.
ISSN:1939-1404
2151-1535