Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application

Abstract The hollow ZnO nanorods embedded in PVDF matrix were synthesized using a precise solvent casting technique, demonstrating superior performance and significantly enhancing the piezoelectric response, enabling the efficient detection of subtle mechanical stimuli such as gentle touch, bending,...

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Main Authors: Pawan Arunkumar Upadhye, Shambo Roy Chowdhury, Vanish Kumar, Rahul Ranjan, Sanjeev Kumar, Sudip Mondal, Junghwan Oh, Mrinmoy Misra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04577-1
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author Pawan Arunkumar Upadhye
Shambo Roy Chowdhury
Vanish Kumar
Rahul Ranjan
Sanjeev Kumar
Sudip Mondal
Junghwan Oh
Mrinmoy Misra
author_facet Pawan Arunkumar Upadhye
Shambo Roy Chowdhury
Vanish Kumar
Rahul Ranjan
Sanjeev Kumar
Sudip Mondal
Junghwan Oh
Mrinmoy Misra
author_sort Pawan Arunkumar Upadhye
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The hollow ZnO nanorods embedded in PVDF matrix were synthesized using a precise solvent casting technique, demonstrating superior performance and significantly enhancing the piezoelectric response, enabling the efficient detection of subtle mechanical stimuli such as gentle touch, bending, and vibration. The incorporation of ZnO nanorods facilitated the formation of the β-phase in PVDF, improved the material’s crystallinity, and enhanced visible emission properties, contributing to its energy-harvesting efficiency. The ZnO/PVDF composite outperformed the PVDF film by approximately 6.5 times under repeated tapping energy harvesting conditions. Similarly, the ZnO/PVDF composite outperformed pure PVDF by charging the 10 µF capacitor to 5 V in just 12 s at a vibration frequency of 26.7 ± 0.38 Hz. The harvested energy was successfully deployed to power a standalone Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module, which acted as a transmission node for remotely monitoring vibration data from the ZnO/PVDF composite-based sensor. This innovative approach aligns with the advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, highlighting its potential for energy-efficient wearable devices and remote sensing applications in vibration monitoring and other smart systems.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-e0c4881ddeff4674961b2b1127078d932025-08-20T02:05:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-04577-1Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable applicationPawan Arunkumar Upadhye0Shambo Roy Chowdhury1Vanish Kumar2Rahul Ranjan3Sanjeev Kumar4Sudip Mondal5Junghwan Oh6Mrinmoy Misra7Mechatronics Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Manipal University JaipurDepartment of Robotics and Automation Engineering, The Neotia UniversityNational Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI)Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Physics, Chandigarh UniversityDigital Healthcare Research Center, Pukyong National UniversitySmart Gym-Based Translational Research Center for Active Senior’s Healthcare, Pukyong National UniversityMechatronics Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Manipal University JaipurAbstract The hollow ZnO nanorods embedded in PVDF matrix were synthesized using a precise solvent casting technique, demonstrating superior performance and significantly enhancing the piezoelectric response, enabling the efficient detection of subtle mechanical stimuli such as gentle touch, bending, and vibration. The incorporation of ZnO nanorods facilitated the formation of the β-phase in PVDF, improved the material’s crystallinity, and enhanced visible emission properties, contributing to its energy-harvesting efficiency. The ZnO/PVDF composite outperformed the PVDF film by approximately 6.5 times under repeated tapping energy harvesting conditions. Similarly, the ZnO/PVDF composite outperformed pure PVDF by charging the 10 µF capacitor to 5 V in just 12 s at a vibration frequency of 26.7 ± 0.38 Hz. The harvested energy was successfully deployed to power a standalone Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module, which acted as a transmission node for remotely monitoring vibration data from the ZnO/PVDF composite-based sensor. This innovative approach aligns with the advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, highlighting its potential for energy-efficient wearable devices and remote sensing applications in vibration monitoring and other smart systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04577-1ZnONanorodsFlexibleInternet of thingsSelf-powered
spellingShingle Pawan Arunkumar Upadhye
Shambo Roy Chowdhury
Vanish Kumar
Rahul Ranjan
Sanjeev Kumar
Sudip Mondal
Junghwan Oh
Mrinmoy Misra
Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
Scientific Reports
ZnO
Nanorods
Flexible
Internet of things
Self-powered
title Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
title_full Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
title_fullStr Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
title_full_unstemmed Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
title_short Hollow ZnO nanorod in PVDF matrix for high-performance sensing, vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
title_sort hollow zno nanorod in pvdf matrix for high performance sensing vibration energy harvesting and wearable application
topic ZnO
Nanorods
Flexible
Internet of things
Self-powered
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04577-1
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