Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits significant antioxidant properties, making it a promising candidate for photoprotective applications. Concurrently, zinc oxide is a well-established physical blocker of ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation. This study aimed to optimize the synergistic...
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Institute for Researches and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Borneo Journal of Pharmacy |
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| Online Access: | https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/6797 |
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| author | Budipratiwi Wisudyaningsih Kuni Zu'aimah Barikah Ilfi Nur Kamelia |
| author_facet | Budipratiwi Wisudyaningsih Kuni Zu'aimah Barikah Ilfi Nur Kamelia |
| author_sort | Budipratiwi Wisudyaningsih |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits significant antioxidant properties, making it a promising candidate for photoprotective applications. Concurrently, zinc oxide is a well-established physical blocker of ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation. This study aimed to optimize the synergistic combination of quercetin (as an anti-UV-B agent) and zinc oxide (as an anti-UV-A agent) within a sunscreen lipstick formulation to enhance broad-spectrum photoprotection. A factorial design, implemented using Design Expert 13.0 software, was employed for the optimization. The independent variables were the concentrations of quercetin and zinc oxide, while the dependent responses included pH, Sun Protection Factor (SPF), percentage of Erythema Transmission (%TE), and percentage of Pigmentation Transmission (%TP). Statistical analysis evaluated the individual and interactive effects of the components on these responses. Both quercetin and zinc oxide individually demonstrated a positive influence on increasing the pH and SPF values of the formulations, while concurrently reducing both %TE and %TP values. Notably, a significant synergistic interaction between quercetin and zinc oxide was observed, further influencing the SPF, %TE, and %TP values. The optimized formula, derived from the overlay contour plot generated by the factorial design, comprised 2.5% quercetin and 15% zinc oxide. This optimal combination yielded a pH of 5.027, an SPF of 22.713, a %TE of 0.012, and a %TP of 0.004. The optimized combination of quercetin and zinc oxide in a sunscreen lipstick formulation effectively provided desirable pH values and substantial in vitro sunscreen efficacy. These findings suggest that this novel formulation holds significant potential as a broad-spectrum photoprotective cosmetic product.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0c35ac2f0c64e3e988da2c22830acce |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2621-4814 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Institute for Researches and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya |
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| series | Borneo Journal of Pharmacy |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0c35ac2f0c64e3e988da2c22830acce2025-08-20T02:17:09ZengInstitute for Researches and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah PalangkarayaBorneo Journal of Pharmacy2621-48142025-05-018210.33084/bjop.v8i2.6797Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen LipstickBudipratiwi Wisudyaningsih0Kuni Zu'aimah Barikah1Ilfi Nur Kamelia2Universitas Jember Universitas Jember Universitas Jember Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits significant antioxidant properties, making it a promising candidate for photoprotective applications. Concurrently, zinc oxide is a well-established physical blocker of ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation. This study aimed to optimize the synergistic combination of quercetin (as an anti-UV-B agent) and zinc oxide (as an anti-UV-A agent) within a sunscreen lipstick formulation to enhance broad-spectrum photoprotection. A factorial design, implemented using Design Expert 13.0 software, was employed for the optimization. The independent variables were the concentrations of quercetin and zinc oxide, while the dependent responses included pH, Sun Protection Factor (SPF), percentage of Erythema Transmission (%TE), and percentage of Pigmentation Transmission (%TP). Statistical analysis evaluated the individual and interactive effects of the components on these responses. Both quercetin and zinc oxide individually demonstrated a positive influence on increasing the pH and SPF values of the formulations, while concurrently reducing both %TE and %TP values. Notably, a significant synergistic interaction between quercetin and zinc oxide was observed, further influencing the SPF, %TE, and %TP values. The optimized formula, derived from the overlay contour plot generated by the factorial design, comprised 2.5% quercetin and 15% zinc oxide. This optimal combination yielded a pH of 5.027, an SPF of 22.713, a %TE of 0.012, and a %TP of 0.004. The optimized combination of quercetin and zinc oxide in a sunscreen lipstick formulation effectively provided desirable pH values and substantial in vitro sunscreen efficacy. These findings suggest that this novel formulation holds significant potential as a broad-spectrum photoprotective cosmetic product. https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/6797SunscreenQuercetinZinc OxideFactorial Design |
| spellingShingle | Budipratiwi Wisudyaningsih Kuni Zu'aimah Barikah Ilfi Nur Kamelia Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Sunscreen Quercetin Zinc Oxide Factorial Design |
| title | Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick |
| title_full | Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick |
| title_short | Effect of Quercetin and Zinc Oxide Concentrations on pH and In Vitro Activity of Sunscreen Lipstick |
| title_sort | effect of quercetin and zinc oxide concentrations on ph and in vitro activity of sunscreen lipstick |
| topic | Sunscreen Quercetin Zinc Oxide Factorial Design |
| url | https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/6797 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT budipratiwiwisudyaningsih effectofquercetinandzincoxideconcentrationsonphandinvitroactivityofsunscreenlipstick AT kunizuaimahbarikah effectofquercetinandzincoxideconcentrationsonphandinvitroactivityofsunscreenlipstick AT ilfinurkamelia effectofquercetinandzincoxideconcentrationsonphandinvitroactivityofsunscreenlipstick |