Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector
CO2 emissions as one of the environmental problems have intensified in the agriculture sector of Iran due to the increase in fossil energy consumption. Increasing the unequal distribution of CO2 emissions and energy consumption requires a deep understanding of the effective and ineffective policies...
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| Format: | Article |
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Iranian Association for Energy Economics
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Environmental Energy and Economic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.eeer.ir/article_129315_1ed05c906b4590cefdaf0f76e4d3ab13.pdf |
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| author | Parisa Pakrooh Esmaeil Pishbahar Babollah Hayati Javad Nematian |
| author_facet | Parisa Pakrooh Esmaeil Pishbahar Babollah Hayati Javad Nematian |
| author_sort | Parisa Pakrooh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CO2 emissions as one of the environmental problems have intensified in the agriculture sector of Iran due to the increase in fossil energy consumption. Increasing the unequal distribution of CO2 emissions and energy consumption requires a deep understanding of the effective and ineffective policies and plans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of energy-related policies, plans, different kinds of energy (including gasoline, natural gas, and electricity) in the agriculture sector of Iran’s provinces during 2001-16. To consider the regional differences, the Theil index, used to measure inequalities, and panel data approaches were applied to evaluate the effects of policies, plans, and inequalities on consumption. According to the results, first, the Theil index highlighted inequalities in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Provinces in a similar population or GDP grouping methodology have not a uniform distribution in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The estimated Fixed-Effect model for gasoline consumption indicated that some of the gasoline policies were not effective; however some of them could smooth the consumption. Subsidy removal phases had reduction effects on gasoline, but it would have a helpful impact if the difference in energy consumption had been considered. However, in the case of natural gas and electricity, policies were a great motivation to users. In summary, most of the policies were unsuccessful as they were not enough to control consumption and emissions as well, replaced the new non-renewable resources like natural gas and electricity, and intensified the inequalities. However, price-related policies could have significant effects on consumption. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0c2be5960364ae399b1e1d26df3d8e4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2538-4988 2676-4997 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Iranian Association for Energy Economics |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Energy and Economic Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0c2be5960364ae399b1e1d26df3d8e42025-08-20T02:36:46ZengIranian Association for Energy EconomicsEnvironmental Energy and Economic Research2538-49882676-49972021-08-015312010.22097/eeer.2021.277615.1190129315Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture SectorParisa Pakrooh0Esmaeil Pishbahar1Babollah Hayati2Javad Nematian3Center for Resources and Environmental Economics, Umeå University, SwedenUniversity of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranUniversity of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranUniversity of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranCO2 emissions as one of the environmental problems have intensified in the agriculture sector of Iran due to the increase in fossil energy consumption. Increasing the unequal distribution of CO2 emissions and energy consumption requires a deep understanding of the effective and ineffective policies and plans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of energy-related policies, plans, different kinds of energy (including gasoline, natural gas, and electricity) in the agriculture sector of Iran’s provinces during 2001-16. To consider the regional differences, the Theil index, used to measure inequalities, and panel data approaches were applied to evaluate the effects of policies, plans, and inequalities on consumption. According to the results, first, the Theil index highlighted inequalities in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Provinces in a similar population or GDP grouping methodology have not a uniform distribution in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The estimated Fixed-Effect model for gasoline consumption indicated that some of the gasoline policies were not effective; however some of them could smooth the consumption. Subsidy removal phases had reduction effects on gasoline, but it would have a helpful impact if the difference in energy consumption had been considered. However, in the case of natural gas and electricity, policies were a great motivation to users. In summary, most of the policies were unsuccessful as they were not enough to control consumption and emissions as well, replaced the new non-renewable resources like natural gas and electricity, and intensified the inequalities. However, price-related policies could have significant effects on consumption.https://www.eeer.ir/article_129315_1ed05c906b4590cefdaf0f76e4d3ab13.pdfelectricitygasolineinequalitynatural gastheil index |
| spellingShingle | Parisa Pakrooh Esmaeil Pishbahar Babollah Hayati Javad Nematian Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector Environmental Energy and Economic Research electricity gasoline inequality natural gas theil index |
| title | Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector |
| title_full | Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector |
| title_fullStr | Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector |
| title_full_unstemmed | Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector |
| title_short | Managing CO2 Emissions through Focus on Energy Policies: Fresh Evidence from Iran’s Agriculture Sector |
| title_sort | managing co2 emissions through focus on energy policies fresh evidence from iran s agriculture sector |
| topic | electricity gasoline inequality natural gas theil index |
| url | https://www.eeer.ir/article_129315_1ed05c906b4590cefdaf0f76e4d3ab13.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT parisapakrooh managingco2emissionsthroughfocusonenergypoliciesfreshevidencefromiransagriculturesector AT esmaeilpishbahar managingco2emissionsthroughfocusonenergypoliciesfreshevidencefromiransagriculturesector AT babollahhayati managingco2emissionsthroughfocusonenergypoliciesfreshevidencefromiransagriculturesector AT javadnematian managingco2emissionsthroughfocusonenergypoliciesfreshevidencefromiransagriculturesector |