The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru

<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> sprouts possess a superior nutritional profile relative to conventional quinoa seeds, which is mainly attributable to their germination process. Sprouting quinoa is able to preserve its substantial nutritional value while enhancing its bioavailability and digest...

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Main Authors: Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca, Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo, Pablo Williams Común-Ventura, Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo, Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices, Mahomi Bertha Ramos-Meneses, Rosa Elizabeth Carrera-Palao, Oscar Herrera-Calderon
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Scientia Pharmaceutica
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/93/1/10
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author Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca
Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo
Pablo Williams Común-Ventura
Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo
Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices
Mahomi Bertha Ramos-Meneses
Rosa Elizabeth Carrera-Palao
Oscar Herrera-Calderon
author_facet Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca
Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo
Pablo Williams Común-Ventura
Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo
Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices
Mahomi Bertha Ramos-Meneses
Rosa Elizabeth Carrera-Palao
Oscar Herrera-Calderon
author_sort Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca
collection DOAJ
description <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> sprouts possess a superior nutritional profile relative to conventional quinoa seeds, which is mainly attributable to their germination process. Sprouting quinoa is able to preserve its substantial nutritional value while enhancing its bioavailability and digestibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of three varieties of quinoa sprouts (pasankalla, yellow maranganí, and black coito). The chemical compounds were determined using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry). Antioxidant activity was determined using two analytical methods, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). To evaluate the gastroprotective effects of these hydroalcoholic extracts in Holtzman male rats, a gastric lesion was induced with 96% ethanol after the administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of the three varieties of <i>C. quinoa</i> sprouts. Our phytochemical analysis results reveal the presence of amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophane, proline, tyrosine, and arginine, among others) and their derivatives, organic acids, monosaccharides, lipids, nucleobases/nucleosides, steroids, triterpene saponins, and coumarins. The pasankalla, yellow maranganí, and black coito varieties exhibited antioxidant capacities of 36.70, 32.32, and 34.63 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/mg of extract for the DPPH radical and 56.61, 41.56, and 52.09 µmol TE/mg of extract for the ABTS radical, respectively. The percentage of antisecretory efficiency at a dose of 500 mg/kg for the pasankalla, yellow maranganí, and black coito varieties was 34.13%, 30.67%, and 26.67%, respectively, and the anti-ulcer effect, expressed as a percentage of inhibition of ulcer formation, was 74.7%, 67.4%, and 69.5%, respectively. In contrast, the groups treated with ranitidine and sucralfate exhibited percentages of 59.0% and 67.4%, respectively. The pasankalla quinoa exhibits more significant antioxidant activity and a stronger gastroprotective effect compared to the other varieties examined in this study. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extracts of the three varieties of <i>C. quinoa</i> sprouts exhibited a gastroprotective effect, and the pasankalla variety at a dose of 500 mg/kg exhibited a stronger protective effect on the gastric mucosa of the rats.
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spelling doaj-art-e0bdb349691b406884b0d00c6f31fadc2025-08-20T01:49:03ZengMDPI AGScientia Pharmaceutica0036-87092218-05322025-02-019311010.3390/scipharm93010010The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in PeruEdwin Carlos Enciso-Roca0Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo1Pablo Williams Común-Ventura2Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo3Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices4Mahomi Bertha Ramos-Meneses5Rosa Elizabeth Carrera-Palao6Oscar Herrera-Calderon7Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, PeruDepartment of Dynamic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Miguel Grau 755, Lima 15001, PeruDepartment of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, PeruDepartment of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, PeruDepartment of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, PeruDepartment of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, PeruDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 15001, PeruDepartment of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> sprouts possess a superior nutritional profile relative to conventional quinoa seeds, which is mainly attributable to their germination process. Sprouting quinoa is able to preserve its substantial nutritional value while enhancing its bioavailability and digestibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of three varieties of quinoa sprouts (pasankalla, yellow maranganí, and black coito). The chemical compounds were determined using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry). Antioxidant activity was determined using two analytical methods, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). To evaluate the gastroprotective effects of these hydroalcoholic extracts in Holtzman male rats, a gastric lesion was induced with 96% ethanol after the administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of the three varieties of <i>C. quinoa</i> sprouts. Our phytochemical analysis results reveal the presence of amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophane, proline, tyrosine, and arginine, among others) and their derivatives, organic acids, monosaccharides, lipids, nucleobases/nucleosides, steroids, triterpene saponins, and coumarins. The pasankalla, yellow maranganí, and black coito varieties exhibited antioxidant capacities of 36.70, 32.32, and 34.63 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/mg of extract for the DPPH radical and 56.61, 41.56, and 52.09 µmol TE/mg of extract for the ABTS radical, respectively. The percentage of antisecretory efficiency at a dose of 500 mg/kg for the pasankalla, yellow maranganí, and black coito varieties was 34.13%, 30.67%, and 26.67%, respectively, and the anti-ulcer effect, expressed as a percentage of inhibition of ulcer formation, was 74.7%, 67.4%, and 69.5%, respectively. In contrast, the groups treated with ranitidine and sucralfate exhibited percentages of 59.0% and 67.4%, respectively. The pasankalla quinoa exhibits more significant antioxidant activity and a stronger gastroprotective effect compared to the other varieties examined in this study. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extracts of the three varieties of <i>C. quinoa</i> sprouts exhibited a gastroprotective effect, and the pasankalla variety at a dose of 500 mg/kg exhibited a stronger protective effect on the gastric mucosa of the rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/93/1/10anti-ulcerpreclinical modelfunctional foodnutraceuticalantioxidantcereals
spellingShingle Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca
Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo
Pablo Williams Común-Ventura
Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo
Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices
Mahomi Bertha Ramos-Meneses
Rosa Elizabeth Carrera-Palao
Oscar Herrera-Calderon
The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru
Scientia Pharmaceutica
anti-ulcer
preclinical model
functional food
nutraceutical
antioxidant
cereals
title The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru
title_full The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru
title_fullStr The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru
title_full_unstemmed The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru
title_short The Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Effects of Three Varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. Sprouts Cultivated in Peru
title_sort phytochemical profile and antioxidant and gastroprotective effects of three varieties of i chenopodium quinoa i willd sprouts cultivated in peru
topic anti-ulcer
preclinical model
functional food
nutraceutical
antioxidant
cereals
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/93/1/10
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