The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults
IntroductionThe aim of this study is to analyse the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with cognitive performance, and the mediation effect of periodontal status in this relationship in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011–2014.MethodsThe SES was ev...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1524268/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850210076370927616 |
|---|---|
| author | Heming Zhang Heming Zhang Heming Zhang Hongxia Xiang Lin Zhang Zhiyang Chen Zhiyang Chen Wei Liu |
| author_facet | Heming Zhang Heming Zhang Heming Zhang Hongxia Xiang Lin Zhang Zhiyang Chen Zhiyang Chen Wei Liu |
| author_sort | Heming Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe aim of this study is to analyse the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with cognitive performance, and the mediation effect of periodontal status in this relationship in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011–2014.MethodsThe SES was evaluated based on poverty-income ratio (PIR), occupation, educational level, and health insurance using latent class analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the association of cognitive performance, examined by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) test, animal fluency test (AFT), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST), with SES, attachment loss (AL) and probing depth (PD). Multivariable linear regressions were used to explore the association of mean AL and mean PD with SES. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the impact of mean AL and mean PD on the relationship between SES and cognitive performance.ResultsThe study included 1,812 participants aged 60 years or older. In the fully adjusted model, SES showed a positive correlation with all three cognitive tests. Meanwhile, mean AL [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33 to 1.95] and mean PD (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.54 to 2.96) were inversely related to the DSST scores, accounting for 12.17 and 6.91% of the relationship between SES and DSST, respectively. The mediation effect of periodontal status in this association was significant only in non-HSB participants or in younger participants.ConclusionSES was negatively associated with periodontal status in older adults in the United States. Furthermore, the link between SES and cognitive performance can be partially explained by periodontal status. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0b6ad91cc7549e48155c2cdbe5b0a5c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0b6ad91cc7549e48155c2cdbe5b0a5c2025-08-20T02:09:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652025-06-011710.3389/fnagi.2025.15242681524268The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adultsHeming Zhang0Heming Zhang1Heming Zhang2Hongxia Xiang3Lin Zhang4Zhiyang Chen5Zhiyang Chen6Wei Liu7Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The 963 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jiamusi, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The 963 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jiamusi, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The 963 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jiamusi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaIntroductionThe aim of this study is to analyse the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with cognitive performance, and the mediation effect of periodontal status in this relationship in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011–2014.MethodsThe SES was evaluated based on poverty-income ratio (PIR), occupation, educational level, and health insurance using latent class analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the association of cognitive performance, examined by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) test, animal fluency test (AFT), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST), with SES, attachment loss (AL) and probing depth (PD). Multivariable linear regressions were used to explore the association of mean AL and mean PD with SES. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the impact of mean AL and mean PD on the relationship between SES and cognitive performance.ResultsThe study included 1,812 participants aged 60 years or older. In the fully adjusted model, SES showed a positive correlation with all three cognitive tests. Meanwhile, mean AL [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33 to 1.95] and mean PD (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.54 to 2.96) were inversely related to the DSST scores, accounting for 12.17 and 6.91% of the relationship between SES and DSST, respectively. The mediation effect of periodontal status in this association was significant only in non-HSB participants or in younger participants.ConclusionSES was negatively associated with periodontal status in older adults in the United States. Furthermore, the link between SES and cognitive performance can be partially explained by periodontal status.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1524268/fullsocioeconomic statusperiodontal statuscognitive performanceNHANESelderly adults |
| spellingShingle | Heming Zhang Heming Zhang Heming Zhang Hongxia Xiang Lin Zhang Zhiyang Chen Zhiyang Chen Wei Liu The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience socioeconomic status periodontal status cognitive performance NHANES elderly adults |
| title | The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults |
| title_full | The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults |
| title_fullStr | The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults |
| title_short | The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults |
| title_sort | effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance a mediation analysis in older adults |
| topic | socioeconomic status periodontal status cognitive performance NHANES elderly adults |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1524268/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hemingzhang theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hemingzhang theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hemingzhang theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hongxiaxiang theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT linzhang theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT zhiyangchen theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT zhiyangchen theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT weiliu theeffectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hemingzhang effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hemingzhang effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hemingzhang effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT hongxiaxiang effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT linzhang effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT zhiyangchen effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT zhiyangchen effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults AT weiliu effectofperiodontalstatusintheassociationsbetweensocioeconomicstatusandcognitiveperformanceamediationanalysisinolderadults |