The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Recent studies have suggested a relationship between abnormal neurophysiological functions and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, studies on its electrophysiological characteristics, such as its power spectrum and functional connectivity are relatively few and scattered than those...

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Main Authors: Hangwei Wang, Shaoqi Mou, Xuedan Pei, Xiaomei Zhang, Shanhong Shen, Jianfeng Zhang, Xinhua Shen, Zhongxia Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90362-z
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author Hangwei Wang
Shaoqi Mou
Xuedan Pei
Xiaomei Zhang
Shanhong Shen
Jianfeng Zhang
Xinhua Shen
Zhongxia Shen
author_facet Hangwei Wang
Shaoqi Mou
Xuedan Pei
Xiaomei Zhang
Shanhong Shen
Jianfeng Zhang
Xinhua Shen
Zhongxia Shen
author_sort Hangwei Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recent studies have suggested a relationship between abnormal neurophysiological functions and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, studies on its electrophysiological characteristics, such as its power spectrum and functional connectivity are relatively few and scattered than those on other mental disorders (e.g., depression, ADHD, etc.). The present study aims to reveal the multidimensional electrophysiological characteristics of GAD via comparative analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) data between GAD patients and healthy controls. Specifically, resting-state EEG, with a duration of 10 min, was recorded from 98 GAD patients and 92 healthy control participants. The electrophysiological characteristics, including the power spectrum, alpha asymmetry, and functional connectivity, were extracted and compared between the two groups. The results revealed significantly increased beta-band activity; decreased ipsilateral fronto-temporal and parieto-temporal functional connectivities in the lower frequency bands (theta–beta band); as well as decreased frontal‒parietal and frontal‒occipital connectivities in the higher frequency bands (beta‒gamma band) in GAD patients. Additionally, alpha asymmetry analysis revealed a significantly greater rightward temporal alpha asymmetry in GAD patients. These findings suggest the existence of significant EEG characteristics in patients with GAD, supporting previous conclusions regarding abnormal neurophysiological functions in psychiatric disorders and potentially leading to the identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
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spelling doaj-art-e0b3ef3a484a47b193d04910e28e5a942025-08-20T02:15:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-90362-zThe power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorderHangwei Wang0Shaoqi Mou1Xuedan Pei2Xiaomei Zhang3Shanhong Shen4Jianfeng Zhang5Xinhua Shen6Zhongxia Shen7Key Laboratory of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityQingdao Mental Health CenterJifu HospitalSleep Medical Center, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversitySleep Medical Center, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversitySleep Medical Center, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversitySleep Medical Center, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversitySleep Medical Center, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityAbstract Recent studies have suggested a relationship between abnormal neurophysiological functions and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, studies on its electrophysiological characteristics, such as its power spectrum and functional connectivity are relatively few and scattered than those on other mental disorders (e.g., depression, ADHD, etc.). The present study aims to reveal the multidimensional electrophysiological characteristics of GAD via comparative analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) data between GAD patients and healthy controls. Specifically, resting-state EEG, with a duration of 10 min, was recorded from 98 GAD patients and 92 healthy control participants. The electrophysiological characteristics, including the power spectrum, alpha asymmetry, and functional connectivity, were extracted and compared between the two groups. The results revealed significantly increased beta-band activity; decreased ipsilateral fronto-temporal and parieto-temporal functional connectivities in the lower frequency bands (theta–beta band); as well as decreased frontal‒parietal and frontal‒occipital connectivities in the higher frequency bands (beta‒gamma band) in GAD patients. Additionally, alpha asymmetry analysis revealed a significantly greater rightward temporal alpha asymmetry in GAD patients. These findings suggest the existence of significant EEG characteristics in patients with GAD, supporting previous conclusions regarding abnormal neurophysiological functions in psychiatric disorders and potentially leading to the identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90362-zGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD)Electroencephalogram (EEG)Power spectrumFunctional connectivity (FC)Alpha asymmetry
spellingShingle Hangwei Wang
Shaoqi Mou
Xuedan Pei
Xiaomei Zhang
Shanhong Shen
Jianfeng Zhang
Xinhua Shen
Zhongxia Shen
The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Scientific Reports
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Power spectrum
Functional connectivity (FC)
Alpha asymmetry
title The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
title_full The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
title_fullStr The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
title_full_unstemmed The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
title_short The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
title_sort power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting state eeg in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
topic Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Power spectrum
Functional connectivity (FC)
Alpha asymmetry
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90362-z
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