Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment

Abstract Purpose To investigate the influence of apical vertebrae difference (AVD) on surgical decision-making and clinical outcomes of single- and two-level osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis with sagittal and coronal imbalance. Methods A total of 27 AS patients w...

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Main Authors: Jie Cheng, Tao Xu, Maierdan Maimaiti, Rui Cao, Chuanhui Xun, Weidong Liang, Weibin Sheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06090-7
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author Jie Cheng
Tao Xu
Maierdan Maimaiti
Rui Cao
Chuanhui Xun
Weidong Liang
Weibin Sheng
author_facet Jie Cheng
Tao Xu
Maierdan Maimaiti
Rui Cao
Chuanhui Xun
Weidong Liang
Weibin Sheng
author_sort Jie Cheng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose To investigate the influence of apical vertebrae difference (AVD) on surgical decision-making and clinical outcomes of single- and two-level osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis with sagittal and coronal imbalance. Methods A total of 27 AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into single- and two-level osteotomy groups based on the number of osteotomy levels. Coronal, sagittal, and clinical parameters were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. AVD, operation time, blood loss, fused segments and complications were recorded between the two groups. Results Among 27 patients, 11 underwent single-level osteotomy and 16 underwent two-level osteotomy. The operation time, blood loss and number of fused segments were lower in single-level group compared to the two-level group (P < 0.001). Coronal, sagittal, and clinical parameters improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.05), with only osteotomized vertebral angle (OVA) showing a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The average AVD was 1.50 segments in single-level group and 3.30 segments in two-level group. Additionally, single- and two-level osteotomy accounted for 80% and 20% in group A, 77.8% and 22.2% in group B, and 0% and 100% in group C, respectively. Conclusion AVD was a crucial parameter in determining whether single- or two-level osteotomy was appropriate for AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. If the AVD was < 3 segments, single-level osteotomy should be considered. If the AVD was ≥ 3 segments, two-level osteotomy was recommended.
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spelling doaj-art-e0b3d87bbb734af39e93238ccd23df062025-08-24T11:40:36ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-08-0120111210.1186/s13018-025-06090-7Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignmentJie Cheng0Tao Xu1Maierdan Maimaiti2Rui Cao3Chuanhui Xun4Weidong Liang5Weibin Sheng6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityAbstract Purpose To investigate the influence of apical vertebrae difference (AVD) on surgical decision-making and clinical outcomes of single- and two-level osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis with sagittal and coronal imbalance. Methods A total of 27 AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into single- and two-level osteotomy groups based on the number of osteotomy levels. Coronal, sagittal, and clinical parameters were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. AVD, operation time, blood loss, fused segments and complications were recorded between the two groups. Results Among 27 patients, 11 underwent single-level osteotomy and 16 underwent two-level osteotomy. The operation time, blood loss and number of fused segments were lower in single-level group compared to the two-level group (P < 0.001). Coronal, sagittal, and clinical parameters improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.05), with only osteotomized vertebral angle (OVA) showing a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The average AVD was 1.50 segments in single-level group and 3.30 segments in two-level group. Additionally, single- and two-level osteotomy accounted for 80% and 20% in group A, 77.8% and 22.2% in group B, and 0% and 100% in group C, respectively. Conclusion AVD was a crucial parameter in determining whether single- or two-level osteotomy was appropriate for AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. If the AVD was < 3 segments, single-level osteotomy should be considered. If the AVD was ≥ 3 segments, two-level osteotomy was recommended.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06090-7Ankylosing spondylitisBiplanar imbalanceSingle-level osteotomyTwo-level osteotomyApical vertebrae difference
spellingShingle Jie Cheng
Tao Xu
Maierdan Maimaiti
Rui Cao
Chuanhui Xun
Weidong Liang
Weibin Sheng
Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Ankylosing spondylitis
Biplanar imbalance
Single-level osteotomy
Two-level osteotomy
Apical vertebrae difference
title Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
title_full Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
title_fullStr Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
title_full_unstemmed Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
title_short Single- and two-level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
title_sort single and two level osteotomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients with concomitant coronal malalignment
topic Ankylosing spondylitis
Biplanar imbalance
Single-level osteotomy
Two-level osteotomy
Apical vertebrae difference
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06090-7
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