Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA

Abstract Background There are few studies comparing Type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) with isolated type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), latent autoimmune diabetes in youth (LADY), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in the Chinese population. This study aims to report the clin...

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Main Authors: Yawei Qiu, Lin Guo, Hongyan Pan, Huaqiu He, Qiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Endocrine Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01969-2
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author Yawei Qiu
Lin Guo
Hongyan Pan
Huaqiu He
Qiang Li
author_facet Yawei Qiu
Lin Guo
Hongyan Pan
Huaqiu He
Qiang Li
author_sort Yawei Qiu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background There are few studies comparing Type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) with isolated type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), latent autoimmune diabetes in youth (LADY), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in the Chinese population. This study aims to report the clinical and serological characteristics of Chinese patients with Type 3 APS, isolated T1DM, LADY and LADA, and to make comparisons. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and serological characteristics of hospitalized patients with Type 3 APS, T1DM, LADY and LADA who were admitted to our center. Results A total of 69 patients were included in this study, comprising 18 with Type 3 APS, 20 with T1DM, and 31 with LADY/LADA. The majority of Type 3 APS patients were female, whereas T1DM and LADY/LADA groups had a higher proportion of males. The median age and onset age of diabetes in the Type 3 APS group were 35.50 (31.00, 52.50) years and 30.50 (26.75, 47.25) years, respectively. Diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in Type 3 APS patients may occur simultaneously or several years apart. The levels of GADAb and thyroid autoantibodies in Type 3 APS patients were often higher. Conclusions Type 3 APS exhibits differences when compared to isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA. For patients with TIDM or LADY/LADA, especially female patients, those over 30 years old or with high-titer GADAb, attention should be paid to screening for APS 3, including the detection of thyroid autoantibodies. Patients suspected or confirmed to have Type 3 APS need long-term follow-up. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-e0a50848e0fc43dc8f60f141e059255a2025-08-20T04:01:35ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-07-0125111010.1186/s12902-025-01969-2Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADAYawei Qiu0Lin Guo1Hongyan Pan2Huaqiu He3Qiang Li4Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General HospitalAbstract Background There are few studies comparing Type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) with isolated type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), latent autoimmune diabetes in youth (LADY), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in the Chinese population. This study aims to report the clinical and serological characteristics of Chinese patients with Type 3 APS, isolated T1DM, LADY and LADA, and to make comparisons. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and serological characteristics of hospitalized patients with Type 3 APS, T1DM, LADY and LADA who were admitted to our center. Results A total of 69 patients were included in this study, comprising 18 with Type 3 APS, 20 with T1DM, and 31 with LADY/LADA. The majority of Type 3 APS patients were female, whereas T1DM and LADY/LADA groups had a higher proportion of males. The median age and onset age of diabetes in the Type 3 APS group were 35.50 (31.00, 52.50) years and 30.50 (26.75, 47.25) years, respectively. Diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in Type 3 APS patients may occur simultaneously or several years apart. The levels of GADAb and thyroid autoantibodies in Type 3 APS patients were often higher. Conclusions Type 3 APS exhibits differences when compared to isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA. For patients with TIDM or LADY/LADA, especially female patients, those over 30 years old or with high-titer GADAb, attention should be paid to screening for APS 3, including the detection of thyroid autoantibodies. Patients suspected or confirmed to have Type 3 APS need long-term follow-up. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01969-2Type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromesIsolated type 1 diabetes mellitusLatent autoimmune diabetes in youthLatent autoimmune diabetes in adultsRetrospective study
spellingShingle Yawei Qiu
Lin Guo
Hongyan Pan
Huaqiu He
Qiang Li
Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA
BMC Endocrine Disorders
Type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
Isolated type 1 diabetes mellitus
Latent autoimmune diabetes in youth
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Retrospective study
title Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA
title_full Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA
title_fullStr Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA
title_short Clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 APS, isolated T1DM and LADY/LADA
title_sort clinical and serological characteristics of type 3 aps isolated t1dm and lady lada
topic Type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
Isolated type 1 diabetes mellitus
Latent autoimmune diabetes in youth
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Retrospective study
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01969-2
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