Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine

ABSTRACT The aftermath of the North American fur trade resulted in the depletion of many furbearing mammal populations in their native North American range while simultaneously creating invasive populations of these species through translocations worldwide. Here, we document the ongoing results of t...

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Main Authors: Alexis M. Mychajliw, Max Zeltsar, John Dennis, Maddie E. Ellms, Dylan Titmuss, Kristen M. Covino, Sara Williams, Shrushti Modi, Courtney A. Hofman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71502
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author Alexis M. Mychajliw
Max Zeltsar
John Dennis
Maddie E. Ellms
Dylan Titmuss
Kristen M. Covino
Sara Williams
Shrushti Modi
Courtney A. Hofman
author_facet Alexis M. Mychajliw
Max Zeltsar
John Dennis
Maddie E. Ellms
Dylan Titmuss
Kristen M. Covino
Sara Williams
Shrushti Modi
Courtney A. Hofman
author_sort Alexis M. Mychajliw
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The aftermath of the North American fur trade resulted in the depletion of many furbearing mammal populations in their native North American range while simultaneously creating invasive populations of these species through translocations worldwide. Here, we document the ongoing results of this mass ecological experiment by describing the natural history of a remnant fur colony of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) putatively introduced to the Isles of Shoals archipelago in the Gulf of Maine in the early 20th century. Through a combination of intensive surveys and camera trapping, we document how muskrats have been influenced by insular conditions under expectations of island biogeographic theory. Unlike other translocated muskrats that have produced successful wetland‐restricted populations in continental Europe and Asia, the Shoals muskrats appear to have shifted their habitat use and lodge building behavior and have encountered a new predator: gulls (Laridae). This Nature Note formalizes decades of anecdotal observations and provides important insight into the ecological flexibility of muskrats given the paradox of a species that is apparently now declining in its native range but expanding outside of it.
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spelling doaj-art-e0a4b3a7f9a2406da2b350de1d7ec3e32025-08-20T02:43:38ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-06-01156n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71502Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of MaineAlexis M. Mychajliw0Max Zeltsar1John Dennis2Maddie E. Ellms3Dylan Titmuss4Kristen M. Covino5Sara Williams6Shrushti Modi7Courtney A. Hofman8Department of Biology Middlebury College Middlebury Vermont USADepartment of Biology Middlebury College Middlebury Vermont USAMi'kmaq NationShoals Marine Laboratory Kittery Maine USAShoals Marine Laboratory Kittery Maine USAShoals Marine Laboratory Kittery Maine USALaboratories of Molecular Anthropology & Microbiome Research University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USALaboratories of Molecular Anthropology & Microbiome Research University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USALaboratories of Molecular Anthropology & Microbiome Research University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USAABSTRACT The aftermath of the North American fur trade resulted in the depletion of many furbearing mammal populations in their native North American range while simultaneously creating invasive populations of these species through translocations worldwide. Here, we document the ongoing results of this mass ecological experiment by describing the natural history of a remnant fur colony of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) putatively introduced to the Isles of Shoals archipelago in the Gulf of Maine in the early 20th century. Through a combination of intensive surveys and camera trapping, we document how muskrats have been influenced by insular conditions under expectations of island biogeographic theory. Unlike other translocated muskrats that have produced successful wetland‐restricted populations in continental Europe and Asia, the Shoals muskrats appear to have shifted their habitat use and lodge building behavior and have encountered a new predator: gulls (Laridae). This Nature Note formalizes decades of anecdotal observations and provides important insight into the ecological flexibility of muskrats given the paradox of a species that is apparently now declining in its native range but expanding outside of it.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71502camera trapfurbearerintroducedislandMainemammal
spellingShingle Alexis M. Mychajliw
Max Zeltsar
John Dennis
Maddie E. Ellms
Dylan Titmuss
Kristen M. Covino
Sara Williams
Shrushti Modi
Courtney A. Hofman
Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine
Ecology and Evolution
camera trap
furbearer
introduced
island
Maine
mammal
title Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine
title_full Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine
title_fullStr Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine
title_full_unstemmed Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine
title_short Muskrat Island: Behavioral Shifts of an Insular Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Population in the Gulf of Maine
title_sort muskrat island behavioral shifts of an insular muskrat ondatra zibethicus population in the gulf of maine
topic camera trap
furbearer
introduced
island
Maine
mammal
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71502
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