Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, outcomes, and contributing factors of post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment (MLE) in cats, with a focus on anatomical and surgical technique-related variables.AnimalsThirty-seven client-owned cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction between Decembe...

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Main Authors: Robert Marx, Margherita Gracis, Luka Šparaš, Ana Nemec
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620100/full
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author Robert Marx
Margherita Gracis
Luka Šparaš
Ana Nemec
author_facet Robert Marx
Margherita Gracis
Luka Šparaš
Ana Nemec
author_sort Robert Marx
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, outcomes, and contributing factors of post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment (MLE) in cats, with a focus on anatomical and surgical technique-related variables.AnimalsThirty-seven client-owned cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction between December 2022 and November 2024.ProceduresThis prospective study included cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction performed by veterinary dental surgeons across three referral clinics. Specifically, we intended to explore the association between MLE and skull conformation, mandibular canine teeth crown height, distance between the crown tips of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, extent of maxillary canine alveolectomy, and presence/absence of caudal teeth on this clinical entity. Post-extraction MLE was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on clinical findings and treatment requirements.ResultsPost-extraction MLE was observed in 26 cats (70.3%), with 23 of 26 cats (88.5%) being classified as having mild lesions, three (11.5%) with moderate lesions and none with severe lesions. Spontaneous improvement was noted in all mild cases. Only patients with moderate lesions required medical intervention. None of the evaluated factors had any statistically significant impact of the prevalence of MLE.Conclusions and clinical relevancePost-extraction MLE in cats is a frequent but predominantly mild and self-limiting complication. Conservative management typically suffices, and advanced imaging in future studies could enhance understanding of predisposing factors and surgical strategies, leading to improved patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-e0a430ef78c2491498def8bf606f04bd2025-08-20T03:28:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16201001620100Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective studyRobert Marx0Margherita Gracis1Luka Šparaš2Ana Nemec3Animal Hospital Hofheim, IVC Evidensia, Hofheim, GermanyClinica Veterinaria San Siro, AniCura, Milan, ItalySmall Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaSmall Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, outcomes, and contributing factors of post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment (MLE) in cats, with a focus on anatomical and surgical technique-related variables.AnimalsThirty-seven client-owned cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction between December 2022 and November 2024.ProceduresThis prospective study included cats undergoing maxillary canine tooth extraction performed by veterinary dental surgeons across three referral clinics. Specifically, we intended to explore the association between MLE and skull conformation, mandibular canine teeth crown height, distance between the crown tips of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, extent of maxillary canine alveolectomy, and presence/absence of caudal teeth on this clinical entity. Post-extraction MLE was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on clinical findings and treatment requirements.ResultsPost-extraction MLE was observed in 26 cats (70.3%), with 23 of 26 cats (88.5%) being classified as having mild lesions, three (11.5%) with moderate lesions and none with severe lesions. Spontaneous improvement was noted in all mild cases. Only patients with moderate lesions required medical intervention. None of the evaluated factors had any statistically significant impact of the prevalence of MLE.Conclusions and clinical relevancePost-extraction MLE in cats is a frequent but predominantly mild and self-limiting complication. Conservative management typically suffices, and advanced imaging in future studies could enhance understanding of predisposing factors and surgical strategies, leading to improved patient outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620100/fullfeline dentistrymaxillary canine tooth extractionmaxillary lip entrapmentbuccal bone removalhead morphometrics
spellingShingle Robert Marx
Margherita Gracis
Luka Šparaš
Ana Nemec
Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
feline dentistry
maxillary canine tooth extraction
maxillary lip entrapment
buccal bone removal
head morphometrics
title Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study
title_full Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study
title_fullStr Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study
title_full_unstemmed Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study
title_short Post-extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats: a prospective study
title_sort post extraction maxillary lip entrapment in cats a prospective study
topic feline dentistry
maxillary canine tooth extraction
maxillary lip entrapment
buccal bone removal
head morphometrics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620100/full
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AT ananemec postextractionmaxillarylipentrapmentincatsaprospectivestudy