Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection

A polarization-insensitive photonic crystal fiber (PI-PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is designed and analyzed for multianalyte detection. In this work, a simple symmetrical structure is designed using only eight circular-shaped air holes, which makes it not only polarization-in...

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Main Authors: Hasan Masud Khan, Shah Laheen Mashahad, Md. Asiful Islam, M. Shah Alam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425001102
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author Hasan Masud Khan
Shah Laheen Mashahad
Md. Asiful Islam
M. Shah Alam
author_facet Hasan Masud Khan
Shah Laheen Mashahad
Md. Asiful Islam
M. Shah Alam
author_sort Hasan Masud Khan
collection DOAJ
description A polarization-insensitive photonic crystal fiber (PI-PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is designed and analyzed for multianalyte detection. In this work, a simple symmetrical structure is designed using only eight circular-shaped air holes, which makes it not only polarization-insensitive (PI) but also fabrication friendly and reliable. Tantalum pentaoxide (Ta2O5) is used with gold (Au) as the plasmonic material to increase SPR excitation, solve adhesion issues, and minimize the reliance on gold. The analytes are placed on the periphery to facilitate the operation of the sensor. The numerical investigations are conducted using the full-vector finite element method (FEM) based COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain modal solutions (effective refractive index, field distribution) of core and plasmonic modes of the sensor structure. By optimizing its structural parameters, the sensor has demonstrated a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 65,000 nm/RIU, amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 3709.66 RIU−1, and figure of merit (FOM) of 1160.71 RIU−1, sensor resolution (SR) of 1.53 × 10−6 RIU, for both x and y-polarizations to detect unknown analyte refractive indices (RIs) from 1.28 to 1.42. Furthermore, the sensor can be used to detect different phases of malaria disease, including ring, schizont and trophozoite phases; it shows the WS of 10,000 nm/RIU for the ring phase and the AS of 2042.77 RIU−1 for the trophozoite phase. Moreover, it can detect six distinct varieties of cancer cells, with WS of 7857.14 nm/RIU for breast (MCF-7) and AS of 5281.01 RIU−1 for cervical (HeLa). The sensor's sensitivity is not significantly affected by air hole dimensions, ensuring high structural tolerance. Its exceptional performance and favorable manufacturing likelihood make it a valuable candidate for biological, biomedical, and biochemical analyte sensing application.
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spelling doaj-art-e0a311462bd34059b1df5a8b349d87432025-08-20T03:50:53ZengElsevierSensing and Bio-Sensing Research2214-18042025-08-014910084410.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100844Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detectionHasan Masud Khan0Shah Laheen Mashahad1Md. Asiful Islam2M. Shah Alam3Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Boardbazar, Gazipur, BangladeshDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.A polarization-insensitive photonic crystal fiber (PI-PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is designed and analyzed for multianalyte detection. In this work, a simple symmetrical structure is designed using only eight circular-shaped air holes, which makes it not only polarization-insensitive (PI) but also fabrication friendly and reliable. Tantalum pentaoxide (Ta2O5) is used with gold (Au) as the plasmonic material to increase SPR excitation, solve adhesion issues, and minimize the reliance on gold. The analytes are placed on the periphery to facilitate the operation of the sensor. The numerical investigations are conducted using the full-vector finite element method (FEM) based COMSOL Multiphysics software to obtain modal solutions (effective refractive index, field distribution) of core and plasmonic modes of the sensor structure. By optimizing its structural parameters, the sensor has demonstrated a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 65,000 nm/RIU, amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 3709.66 RIU−1, and figure of merit (FOM) of 1160.71 RIU−1, sensor resolution (SR) of 1.53 × 10−6 RIU, for both x and y-polarizations to detect unknown analyte refractive indices (RIs) from 1.28 to 1.42. Furthermore, the sensor can be used to detect different phases of malaria disease, including ring, schizont and trophozoite phases; it shows the WS of 10,000 nm/RIU for the ring phase and the AS of 2042.77 RIU−1 for the trophozoite phase. Moreover, it can detect six distinct varieties of cancer cells, with WS of 7857.14 nm/RIU for breast (MCF-7) and AS of 5281.01 RIU−1 for cervical (HeLa). The sensor's sensitivity is not significantly affected by air hole dimensions, ensuring high structural tolerance. Its exceptional performance and favorable manufacturing likelihood make it a valuable candidate for biological, biomedical, and biochemical analyte sensing application.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425001102Photonic crystal fiberSurface plasmon resonanceBiosensorcancer cell detectionMalaria disease detection
spellingShingle Hasan Masud Khan
Shah Laheen Mashahad
Md. Asiful Islam
M. Shah Alam
Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research
Photonic crystal fiber
Surface plasmon resonance
Biosensor
cancer cell detection
Malaria disease detection
title Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
title_full Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
title_fullStr Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
title_full_unstemmed Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
title_short Design of a polarization insensitive SPR biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
title_sort design of a polarization insensitive spr biosensor for malaria and cancer detection
topic Photonic crystal fiber
Surface plasmon resonance
Biosensor
cancer cell detection
Malaria disease detection
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425001102
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AT shahlaheenmashahad designofapolarizationinsensitivesprbiosensorformalariaandcancerdetection
AT mdasifulislam designofapolarizationinsensitivesprbiosensorformalariaandcancerdetection
AT mshahalam designofapolarizationinsensitivesprbiosensorformalariaandcancerdetection