Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications

The high demand for sustainable, high-performance materials has spotlighted carbon-rich materials derived from algae and other biomass sources. Algae-derived carbon compounds, including graphene and its derivatives, show promising applications across sectors like energy, environmental remediation, a...

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Main Authors: Shintu Varghese, Peter Ralph, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025025083
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author Shintu Varghese
Peter Ralph
Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
author_facet Shintu Varghese
Peter Ralph
Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
author_sort Shintu Varghese
collection DOAJ
description The high demand for sustainable, high-performance materials has spotlighted carbon-rich materials derived from algae and other biomass sources. Algae-derived carbon compounds, including graphene and its derivatives, show promising applications across sectors like energy, environmental remediation, and catalysis. This review comprehensively discusses the synthesis, characterisation, and applications of these novel biomaterials, covering hydrothermal treatment, microwave irradiation, and pyrolysis- each offering unique benefits in structure, functionality, and yield. A detailed examination of key characterisation techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), provides insights into these materials’ chemical and structural properties. Applications in supercapacitors, batteries, and other energy storage devices, as well as in environmental and catalytic contexts, are thoroughly explored. This review also highlights recent advancements in carbon biomaterial integration into cutting-edge technologies, focusing on scalability, sustainability, and novel applications that may drive future innovation. By presenting a holistic view of carbon biomaterials from algae and other biomass sources, this review aims to support the vast potential of sustainable carbon materials for next-generation manufacturing applications.
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spelling doaj-art-e09ec137b8b24d449bd21c8a8fc979952025-08-20T03:58:48ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710643910.1016/j.rineng.2025.106439Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applicationsShintu Varghese0Peter Ralph1Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil2Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaClimate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaCorresponding author.; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaThe high demand for sustainable, high-performance materials has spotlighted carbon-rich materials derived from algae and other biomass sources. Algae-derived carbon compounds, including graphene and its derivatives, show promising applications across sectors like energy, environmental remediation, and catalysis. This review comprehensively discusses the synthesis, characterisation, and applications of these novel biomaterials, covering hydrothermal treatment, microwave irradiation, and pyrolysis- each offering unique benefits in structure, functionality, and yield. A detailed examination of key characterisation techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), provides insights into these materials’ chemical and structural properties. Applications in supercapacitors, batteries, and other energy storage devices, as well as in environmental and catalytic contexts, are thoroughly explored. This review also highlights recent advancements in carbon biomaterial integration into cutting-edge technologies, focusing on scalability, sustainability, and novel applications that may drive future innovation. By presenting a holistic view of carbon biomaterials from algae and other biomass sources, this review aims to support the vast potential of sustainable carbon materials for next-generation manufacturing applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025025083Algae biomassCarbon materialsGrapheneGraphene oxideEnergy storage
spellingShingle Shintu Varghese
Peter Ralph
Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications
Results in Engineering
Algae biomass
Carbon materials
Graphene
Graphene oxide
Energy storage
title Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications
title_full Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications
title_fullStr Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications
title_short Sustainable carbon-rich materials from algae and biomass: Synthesis, characterisation, and applications
title_sort sustainable carbon rich materials from algae and biomass synthesis characterisation and applications
topic Algae biomass
Carbon materials
Graphene
Graphene oxide
Energy storage
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025025083
work_keys_str_mv AT shintuvarghese sustainablecarbonrichmaterialsfromalgaeandbiomasssynthesischaracterisationandapplications
AT peterralph sustainablecarbonrichmaterialsfromalgaeandbiomasssynthesischaracterisationandapplications
AT unnikrishnankuzhiumparambil sustainablecarbonrichmaterialsfromalgaeandbiomasssynthesischaracterisationandapplications