Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey

ObjectiveThis study evaluated trends in population immunity against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in Suqian City (2005–2024) using serological surveys (2019–2024) and incidence data, incorporating participants with known/unknown vaccination statuses to explore immunity dynamics amid evolvin...

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Main Authors: Zhixin Geng, Wen Wang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Yan Xu, Qiang Chen, Lei Zhang, Jing Yu, Xiang Sun, Zhiguo Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1630442/full
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author Zhixin Geng
Wen Wang
Yuanyuan Zhu
Yan Xu
Qiang Chen
Lei Zhang
Jing Yu
Xiang Sun
Zhiguo Wang
author_facet Zhixin Geng
Wen Wang
Yuanyuan Zhu
Yan Xu
Qiang Chen
Lei Zhang
Jing Yu
Xiang Sun
Zhiguo Wang
author_sort Zhixin Geng
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study evaluated trends in population immunity against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in Suqian City (2005–2024) using serological surveys (2019–2024) and incidence data, incorporating participants with known/unknown vaccination statuses to explore immunity dynamics amid evolving policies, and inform public health planning.MethodsSerum samples from 541 (2019) and 506 (2024) healthy participants were analyzed for virus-specific IgG antibodies using ELISA. Disease incidence data were obtained from China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. Statistical analyses compared seroprevalence, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), and incidence trends before and after policy adjustments.ResultsOptimized two-dose strategies significantly improved seropositivity rates for rubella (65.1% to 70.8%), mumps (77.6% to 85.8%), and varicella (76.9% to 79.5%), with corresponding GMC increases. Incidence declines were notable: varicella (183.3/100,000 to 59.3/100,000), rubella (2.8/100,000 to 0.04/100,000), and mumps (24.4/100,000 to <5.0/100,000). However, measles seropositivity declined from 85.9% to 79.3% (p<0.05). GMC analysis showed increases for rubella (31.5 to 42.2 IU/ml), mumps (277.8 to 350.6 IU/ml), and varicella (295.9 to 309.8 IU/ml), but a decrease for measles (577.9 to 499.2 mIU/ml, p<0.001). Preschool children (2–5 years) exhibited the highest immunity levels in 2024.ConclusionPopulation immunity against rubella, mumps, and varicella improved (2019–2024) with reduced incidence, while measles immunity declined, revealing vulnerabilities. Targeted strategies (e.g., catch-up campaigns for adolescents/adults, optimized infant vaccination) are needed to strengthen protection, considering interactions of policies, public health measures, and demographics.
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spelling doaj-art-e089c6fa745e45968ce1119a8601ae1e2025-08-20T03:02:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16304421630442Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological surveyZhixin Geng0Wen Wang1Yuanyuan Zhu2Yan Xu3Qiang Chen4Lei Zhang5Jing Yu6Xiang Sun7Zhiguo Wang8Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province (Suqian) Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province (Suqian) Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaObjectiveThis study evaluated trends in population immunity against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in Suqian City (2005–2024) using serological surveys (2019–2024) and incidence data, incorporating participants with known/unknown vaccination statuses to explore immunity dynamics amid evolving policies, and inform public health planning.MethodsSerum samples from 541 (2019) and 506 (2024) healthy participants were analyzed for virus-specific IgG antibodies using ELISA. Disease incidence data were obtained from China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. Statistical analyses compared seroprevalence, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), and incidence trends before and after policy adjustments.ResultsOptimized two-dose strategies significantly improved seropositivity rates for rubella (65.1% to 70.8%), mumps (77.6% to 85.8%), and varicella (76.9% to 79.5%), with corresponding GMC increases. Incidence declines were notable: varicella (183.3/100,000 to 59.3/100,000), rubella (2.8/100,000 to 0.04/100,000), and mumps (24.4/100,000 to <5.0/100,000). However, measles seropositivity declined from 85.9% to 79.3% (p<0.05). GMC analysis showed increases for rubella (31.5 to 42.2 IU/ml), mumps (277.8 to 350.6 IU/ml), and varicella (295.9 to 309.8 IU/ml), but a decrease for measles (577.9 to 499.2 mIU/ml, p<0.001). Preschool children (2–5 years) exhibited the highest immunity levels in 2024.ConclusionPopulation immunity against rubella, mumps, and varicella improved (2019–2024) with reduced incidence, while measles immunity declined, revealing vulnerabilities. Targeted strategies (e.g., catch-up campaigns for adolescents/adults, optimized infant vaccination) are needed to strengthen protection, considering interactions of policies, public health measures, and demographics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1630442/fullvaccination strategyseroprevalencemeaslesrubellamumpsvaricella
spellingShingle Zhixin Geng
Wen Wang
Yuanyuan Zhu
Yan Xu
Qiang Chen
Lei Zhang
Jing Yu
Xiang Sun
Zhiguo Wang
Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey
Frontiers in Immunology
vaccination strategy
seroprevalence
measles
rubella
mumps
varicella
title Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey
title_full Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey
title_fullStr Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey
title_full_unstemmed Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey
title_short Impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in China: a single-center serological survey
title_sort impact of vaccination strategy adjustments on antibody levels against measles rubella mumps and varicella in china a single center serological survey
topic vaccination strategy
seroprevalence
measles
rubella
mumps
varicella
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1630442/full
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