Analysis of copper, zinc, arsenic, and lead content of over-the-counter toothpastes from india: an invitro study

Abstract The regular use of toothpastes containing metals has been shown to be a formidable threat because of their ability to bioaccumulate and reach toxic proportions, affecting people’s health and the environment. While studies have evaluated the presence of metals in toothpaste across different...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: S. Kavery Chengappa, Ashwini Rao, Sowmya R. Holla, Ramya Shenoy, B. H. Mithun Pai, Praveen Jodalli, B. R. Avinash
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12748-3
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