A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark

Abstract Background The incidence of shoulder replacement surgery continues to rise internationally. The aim of this study was to compare revision surgery, reoperations and serious adverse events after shoulder replacement surgery in England and Denmark. Methods Linked National Joint Registry and NH...

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Main Authors: Epaminondas Markos Valsamis, Josefine Beck Larsen, Theis M. Thillemann, Stephen E. Gwilym, Gary S. Collins, Inger Mechlenburg, Jonathan L. Rees
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04003-3
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author Epaminondas Markos Valsamis
Josefine Beck Larsen
Theis M. Thillemann
Stephen E. Gwilym
Gary S. Collins
Inger Mechlenburg
Jonathan L. Rees
author_facet Epaminondas Markos Valsamis
Josefine Beck Larsen
Theis M. Thillemann
Stephen E. Gwilym
Gary S. Collins
Inger Mechlenburg
Jonathan L. Rees
author_sort Epaminondas Markos Valsamis
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The incidence of shoulder replacement surgery continues to rise internationally. The aim of this study was to compare revision surgery, reoperations and serious adverse events after shoulder replacement surgery in England and Denmark. Methods Linked National Joint Registry and NHS Hospital Episode Statistics of England, and linked Danish Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry and Danish National Patient Registry data were available from 1 April 2012 to 31 December 2020. All primary shoulder replacements in adult patients were included. Revision surgery, reoperations and serious adverse events were compared between the two countries, and stratified by procedure type and surgical indication. The risk of revision and serious adverse events were adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, using flexible parametric survival models and logistic regression models, respectively. Results A total of 41,471 and 9,268 primary shoulder replacement procedures were analysed from England and Denmark, respectively. The mean patient age in Denmark was 70.6 years (SD 10.1) and in England 72.6 years (SD 9.9). Danish patients had a lower risk of serious adverse events (4.5%) compared to patients in England (5.6%), but a slightly higher risk of re-operations by 1 year (Denmark 2.3% [95% CI 2.0% to 2.6%], England 1.7% [95% CI 1.6% to 1.8%]). There was a slightly lower risk of revision joint replacement surgery by 8 years in Denmark (5.1% [95% CI 4.5% to 5.8%]) compared to England (5.7% [95% CI 5.4% to 6.1%]). The reverse total shoulder replacement had a higher revision rate in Denmark, but the anatomical total shoulder replacement and humeral hemiarthroplasty had lower revision rates. Denmark had a considerably higher revision rate for patients having surgery for acute trauma. These results remained the same after adjusting for age, sex, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Conclusions While there was variation in the demographics of patients having shoulder replacement surgery in England and Denmark, differences in serious adverse events and revision rates were observed despite case-mix adjustment. Some of this variation might be attributed to the differences seen in the use of different procedures for different surgical indications between the two countries.
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spelling doaj-art-e0788d37391f4e26a47df956f700fb812025-08-20T02:49:32ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152025-03-0123111210.1186/s12916-025-04003-3A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and DenmarkEpaminondas Markos Valsamis0Josefine Beck Larsen1Theis M. Thillemann2Stephen E. Gwilym3Gary S. Collins4Inger Mechlenburg5Jonathan L. Rees6Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, , University of OxfordDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University HospitalBotnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, , University of OxfordCentre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of OxfordDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityBotnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, , University of OxfordAbstract Background The incidence of shoulder replacement surgery continues to rise internationally. The aim of this study was to compare revision surgery, reoperations and serious adverse events after shoulder replacement surgery in England and Denmark. Methods Linked National Joint Registry and NHS Hospital Episode Statistics of England, and linked Danish Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry and Danish National Patient Registry data were available from 1 April 2012 to 31 December 2020. All primary shoulder replacements in adult patients were included. Revision surgery, reoperations and serious adverse events were compared between the two countries, and stratified by procedure type and surgical indication. The risk of revision and serious adverse events were adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, using flexible parametric survival models and logistic regression models, respectively. Results A total of 41,471 and 9,268 primary shoulder replacement procedures were analysed from England and Denmark, respectively. The mean patient age in Denmark was 70.6 years (SD 10.1) and in England 72.6 years (SD 9.9). Danish patients had a lower risk of serious adverse events (4.5%) compared to patients in England (5.6%), but a slightly higher risk of re-operations by 1 year (Denmark 2.3% [95% CI 2.0% to 2.6%], England 1.7% [95% CI 1.6% to 1.8%]). There was a slightly lower risk of revision joint replacement surgery by 8 years in Denmark (5.1% [95% CI 4.5% to 5.8%]) compared to England (5.7% [95% CI 5.4% to 6.1%]). The reverse total shoulder replacement had a higher revision rate in Denmark, but the anatomical total shoulder replacement and humeral hemiarthroplasty had lower revision rates. Denmark had a considerably higher revision rate for patients having surgery for acute trauma. These results remained the same after adjusting for age, sex, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Conclusions While there was variation in the demographics of patients having shoulder replacement surgery in England and Denmark, differences in serious adverse events and revision rates were observed despite case-mix adjustment. Some of this variation might be attributed to the differences seen in the use of different procedures for different surgical indications between the two countries.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04003-3Shoulder replacementPatient outcomesRoutinely collected healthcare data
spellingShingle Epaminondas Markos Valsamis
Josefine Beck Larsen
Theis M. Thillemann
Stephen E. Gwilym
Gary S. Collins
Inger Mechlenburg
Jonathan L. Rees
A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark
BMC Medicine
Shoulder replacement
Patient outcomes
Routinely collected healthcare data
title A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark
title_full A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark
title_fullStr A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark
title_short A comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from England and Denmark
title_sort comparative study of shoulder replacement outcomes using linked national registry and hospital data from england and denmark
topic Shoulder replacement
Patient outcomes
Routinely collected healthcare data
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04003-3
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