Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country

Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of ICU consultants regarding antibiotic prescribing practices in critically ill patients within resource-limited healthcare settings. Method: This qualitative study, based on a phenomenological approach, was conducted between January 1 and Dec...

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Main Authors: Maheen Khoso, Arshad Taqi, Muhammad Aamir Alsabah, Faisal Imran, Naveed Latif
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Lahore 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry
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Online Access:https://journals.uol.edu.pk/jucmd/article/view/4102
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author Maheen Khoso
Arshad Taqi
Muhammad Aamir Alsabah
Faisal Imran
Naveed Latif
author_facet Maheen Khoso
Arshad Taqi
Muhammad Aamir Alsabah
Faisal Imran
Naveed Latif
author_sort Maheen Khoso
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of ICU consultants regarding antibiotic prescribing practices in critically ill patients within resource-limited healthcare settings. Method: This qualitative study, based on a phenomenological approach, was conducted between January 1 and December 30, 2023, at the National Hospital & Medical Center and DHA Medical Center, Lahore, Pakistan. Six ICU consultants with more than two years of post-fellowship experience were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected via face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, audio-recorded with consent. Thematic analysis was performed until data saturation was achieved. Results: Six major themes emerged. First, early initiation of antibiotics without confirmed diagnosis was reported as a routine and often necessary practice due to diagnostic uncertainty and delays in culture results. Second, barriers to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) were noted, including the absence of formal AMS policies, poor interdepartmental coordination, and limited access to antibiograms—particularly in government hospitals. Third, factors influencing antibiotic selection included infection site, comorbidities, and family pressure, with variation between open and closed ICU models. Fourth, pharmaceutical incentives were largely deemed irrelevant in ICU prescribing due to the critical nature of decisions. Fifth, inflammatory markers like CRP and procalcitonin were valued for guiding antibiotic de-escalation, though high cost limited routine use. Finally, all participants expressed concern over the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), highlighting the need for better microbiology infrastructure, public education, and regulated antibiotic access. Conclusion: ICU antibiotic prescribing is shaped by clinical urgency, systemic limitations, and contextual pressures. To mitigate the threat of AMR in low-resource settings, it is crucial to strengthen AMS programs, expand diagnostic capacity, and enforce locally adaptable prescribing protocols.  
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spelling doaj-art-e075e86a135449e898efe5559403054f2025-08-20T03:27:15ZengUniversity of LahoreJournal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry2790-34432790-34512025-06-014210.51846/jucmd.v4i2.4102Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing CountryMaheen Khoso0Arshad Taqi1Muhammad Aamir Alsabah2Faisal Imran3Naveed Latif4Consultant Critical Care, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, PakistanConsultant Critical Care, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, Pakistan Consultant Critical Care, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, Pakistan Consultant Anesthetist, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, Pakistan Consultant Anesthetist, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of ICU consultants regarding antibiotic prescribing practices in critically ill patients within resource-limited healthcare settings. Method: This qualitative study, based on a phenomenological approach, was conducted between January 1 and December 30, 2023, at the National Hospital & Medical Center and DHA Medical Center, Lahore, Pakistan. Six ICU consultants with more than two years of post-fellowship experience were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected via face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, audio-recorded with consent. Thematic analysis was performed until data saturation was achieved. Results: Six major themes emerged. First, early initiation of antibiotics without confirmed diagnosis was reported as a routine and often necessary practice due to diagnostic uncertainty and delays in culture results. Second, barriers to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) were noted, including the absence of formal AMS policies, poor interdepartmental coordination, and limited access to antibiograms—particularly in government hospitals. Third, factors influencing antibiotic selection included infection site, comorbidities, and family pressure, with variation between open and closed ICU models. Fourth, pharmaceutical incentives were largely deemed irrelevant in ICU prescribing due to the critical nature of decisions. Fifth, inflammatory markers like CRP and procalcitonin were valued for guiding antibiotic de-escalation, though high cost limited routine use. Finally, all participants expressed concern over the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), highlighting the need for better microbiology infrastructure, public education, and regulated antibiotic access. Conclusion: ICU antibiotic prescribing is shaped by clinical urgency, systemic limitations, and contextual pressures. To mitigate the threat of AMR in low-resource settings, it is crucial to strengthen AMS programs, expand diagnostic capacity, and enforce locally adaptable prescribing protocols.   https://journals.uol.edu.pk/jucmd/article/view/4102Antibiotic PrescribingAntimicrobial ResistanceAntimicrobial StewardshipCritically Ill PatientsICU
spellingShingle Maheen Khoso
Arshad Taqi
Muhammad Aamir Alsabah
Faisal Imran
Naveed Latif
Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country
Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry
Antibiotic Prescribing
Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Stewardship
Critically Ill Patients
ICU
title Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country
title_full Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country
title_fullStr Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country
title_full_unstemmed Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country
title_short Perspectives of ICU Physicians on Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Patients: A Qualitative Study from a Developing Country
title_sort perspectives of icu physicians on antibiotic use in critically ill patients a qualitative study from a developing country
topic Antibiotic Prescribing
Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Stewardship
Critically Ill Patients
ICU
url https://journals.uol.edu.pk/jucmd/article/view/4102
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