A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster
We present wide-field mapping at 850 μ m and 450 μ m of the z = 2.85 protocluster in the HS 1549+19 field using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2. Spectroscopic follow-up of 18 bright sources selected at 850 μ m, using the Northern Extended Millimeter Array and Atacama Large Millimeter...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb834 |
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| author | George C.P. Wang Scott C. Chapman Nikolaus Sulzenauer Frank Bertoldi Christopher C. Hayward Ryley Hill Satoshi Kikuta Yuichi Matsuda Douglas Rennehan Douglas Scott Ian Smail Charles C. Steidel |
| author_facet | George C.P. Wang Scott C. Chapman Nikolaus Sulzenauer Frank Bertoldi Christopher C. Hayward Ryley Hill Satoshi Kikuta Yuichi Matsuda Douglas Rennehan Douglas Scott Ian Smail Charles C. Steidel |
| author_sort | George C.P. Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present wide-field mapping at 850 μ m and 450 μ m of the z = 2.85 protocluster in the HS 1549+19 field using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2. Spectroscopic follow-up of 18 bright sources selected at 850 μ m, using the Northern Extended Millimeter Array and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, confirms that the majority lie near z ≃ 2.85 and are likely members of the structure. Interpreting the spectroscopic redshifts as distance measurements, we find that the submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) span 123 pMpc ^2 in the plane of the sky and demarcate a 3600 pMpc ^3 “pancake”-shaped structure in three dimensions. We find that the high star formation rates of these SMGs result in a total star formation rate of 20,000 M _⊙ yr ^−1 from just the brightest galaxies in the protocluster. These rapidly star-forming SMGs can be interpreted as massive galaxies growing rapidly at large clustercentric distances before collapsing into a virialized structure. We find that the SMGs trace the Ly α surface density profile. Comparison with simulations suggests that HS 1549+19 could be building a structure comparable to the most massive clusters in the present-day Universe. |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0745ddf3ed7436bb10209a6df4f03342025-08-20T02:09:07ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198316910.3847/1538-4357/adb834A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 ProtoclusterGeorge C.P. Wang0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4626-9777Scott C. Chapman1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8487-3153Nikolaus Sulzenauer2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-1648Frank Bertoldi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-1775Christopher C. Hayward4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-3236Ryley Hill5https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8718-0644Satoshi Kikuta6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-9128Yuichi Matsuda7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1747-2891Douglas Rennehan8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-8555Douglas Scott9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-9840Ian Smail10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-257XCharles C. Steidel11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7260Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6225 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada ; georgecpwang@phas.ubc.caDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6225 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada ; georgecpwang@phas.ubc.ca; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University , 6310 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada; Eureka Scientific Inc , Oakland, CA 94602, USA; National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, V9E 2E7, CanadaMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyArgelander-Institut für Astronomie , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6225 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada ; georgecpwang@phas.ubc.caNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6225 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada ; georgecpwang@phas.ubc.caCentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKCahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAWe present wide-field mapping at 850 μ m and 450 μ m of the z = 2.85 protocluster in the HS 1549+19 field using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2. Spectroscopic follow-up of 18 bright sources selected at 850 μ m, using the Northern Extended Millimeter Array and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, confirms that the majority lie near z ≃ 2.85 and are likely members of the structure. Interpreting the spectroscopic redshifts as distance measurements, we find that the submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) span 123 pMpc ^2 in the plane of the sky and demarcate a 3600 pMpc ^3 “pancake”-shaped structure in three dimensions. We find that the high star formation rates of these SMGs result in a total star formation rate of 20,000 M _⊙ yr ^−1 from just the brightest galaxies in the protocluster. These rapidly star-forming SMGs can be interpreted as massive galaxies growing rapidly at large clustercentric distances before collapsing into a virialized structure. We find that the SMGs trace the Ly α surface density profile. Comparison with simulations suggests that HS 1549+19 could be building a structure comparable to the most massive clusters in the present-day Universe.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb834High-redshift galaxy clustersHigh-redshift galaxiesCosmic web |
| spellingShingle | George C.P. Wang Scott C. Chapman Nikolaus Sulzenauer Frank Bertoldi Christopher C. Hayward Ryley Hill Satoshi Kikuta Yuichi Matsuda Douglas Rennehan Douglas Scott Ian Smail Charles C. Steidel A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster The Astrophysical Journal High-redshift galaxy clusters High-redshift galaxies Cosmic web |
| title | A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster |
| title_full | A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster |
| title_fullStr | A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster |
| title_short | A 100 Mpc2 Structure Traced by Hyperluminous Galaxies around a Massive z = 2.85 Protocluster |
| title_sort | 100 mpc2 structure traced by hyperluminous galaxies around a massive z 2 85 protocluster |
| topic | High-redshift galaxy clusters High-redshift galaxies Cosmic web |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb834 |
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