Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
Assessing cropland soil quality and identifying limiting indicators are crucial in guiding sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fragile agricultural ecosystems. However, a unified understanding of key limiting indicators and the controlling factors of soil quality remains lacking due...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Dianqing Gong Zhaofeng Wang Yili Zhang Bo Wei Binghua Zhang Xiaoyang Hu Min Deng Changjun Gu |
| author_facet | Dianqing Gong Zhaofeng Wang Yili Zhang Bo Wei Binghua Zhang Xiaoyang Hu Min Deng Changjun Gu |
| author_sort | Dianqing Gong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Assessing cropland soil quality and identifying limiting indicators are crucial in guiding sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fragile agricultural ecosystems. However, a unified understanding of key limiting indicators and the controlling factors of soil quality remains lacking due to the dual demands of environmental protection and agricultural production. To address this gap, 621 soil samples were collected across the “One River and Its Two Tributaries” agricultural region on the Tibetan Plateau. Twenty-four soil physicochemical indicators and eight environmental parameters were analyzed to evaluate soil quality and identify the key limiting factors. Meanwhile, the random forest model, correlation analysis, and the structural equation model were used to determine the factors influencing limiting indicator. The results showed that (1) croplands had a mean soil quality index (SQI) of 0.66 with obvious spatial heterogeneity, where eastern, northern, and southern regions exhibited higher SQI values than western and central valley areas. (2) Soil organic matter (SOM) was identified as the primary limiting indicator, with its limiting degree increasing with soil depth. (3) Total nitrogen is the strongest statistical predictor of SOM content in this region, while soil pH negatively impacted SOM. Environmental factors, including fertilizer amount, altitude, and normalized difference vegetation index, positively influenced SOM, whereas temperature and precipitation negatively affected it. (4) The structural equation model revealed effective intervention pathways for addressing SOM deficiency, highlighting targeted measures such as optimizing nitrogen management and increasing organic fertilizer application, particularly in relative lower-altitude areas. This study provides a unified perspective for managing soil quality and offers a potentially replicable framework for similar alpine ecosystems worldwide. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-e072e80742a24581a61e93407d7e01e92025-08-20T02:24:03ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011512125210.3390/agriculture15121252Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan PlateauDianqing Gong0Zhaofeng Wang1Yili Zhang2Bo Wei3Binghua Zhang4Xiaoyang Hu5Min Deng6Changjun Gu7Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Disaster Reduction Center, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, ChinaAssessing cropland soil quality and identifying limiting indicators are crucial in guiding sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fragile agricultural ecosystems. However, a unified understanding of key limiting indicators and the controlling factors of soil quality remains lacking due to the dual demands of environmental protection and agricultural production. To address this gap, 621 soil samples were collected across the “One River and Its Two Tributaries” agricultural region on the Tibetan Plateau. Twenty-four soil physicochemical indicators and eight environmental parameters were analyzed to evaluate soil quality and identify the key limiting factors. Meanwhile, the random forest model, correlation analysis, and the structural equation model were used to determine the factors influencing limiting indicator. The results showed that (1) croplands had a mean soil quality index (SQI) of 0.66 with obvious spatial heterogeneity, where eastern, northern, and southern regions exhibited higher SQI values than western and central valley areas. (2) Soil organic matter (SOM) was identified as the primary limiting indicator, with its limiting degree increasing with soil depth. (3) Total nitrogen is the strongest statistical predictor of SOM content in this region, while soil pH negatively impacted SOM. Environmental factors, including fertilizer amount, altitude, and normalized difference vegetation index, positively influenced SOM, whereas temperature and precipitation negatively affected it. (4) The structural equation model revealed effective intervention pathways for addressing SOM deficiency, highlighting targeted measures such as optimizing nitrogen management and increasing organic fertilizer application, particularly in relative lower-altitude areas. This study provides a unified perspective for managing soil quality and offers a potentially replicable framework for similar alpine ecosystems worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1252soil quality indexsoil organic matterinfluencing factorsstructural equation modelTibetan Plateau |
| spellingShingle | Dianqing Gong Zhaofeng Wang Yili Zhang Bo Wei Binghua Zhang Xiaoyang Hu Min Deng Changjun Gu Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau Agriculture soil quality index soil organic matter influencing factors structural equation model Tibetan Plateau |
| title | Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full | Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_short | Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau |
| title_sort | preliminary study to determine the key limiting indicator of cropland soil quality on the tibetan plateau |
| topic | soil quality index soil organic matter influencing factors structural equation model Tibetan Plateau |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1252 |
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