Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau

Assessing cropland soil quality and identifying limiting indicators are crucial in guiding sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fragile agricultural ecosystems. However, a unified understanding of key limiting indicators and the controlling factors of soil quality remains lacking due...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dianqing Gong, Zhaofeng Wang, Yili Zhang, Bo Wei, Binghua Zhang, Xiaoyang Hu, Min Deng, Changjun Gu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1252
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850157847166320640
author Dianqing Gong
Zhaofeng Wang
Yili Zhang
Bo Wei
Binghua Zhang
Xiaoyang Hu
Min Deng
Changjun Gu
author_facet Dianqing Gong
Zhaofeng Wang
Yili Zhang
Bo Wei
Binghua Zhang
Xiaoyang Hu
Min Deng
Changjun Gu
author_sort Dianqing Gong
collection DOAJ
description Assessing cropland soil quality and identifying limiting indicators are crucial in guiding sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fragile agricultural ecosystems. However, a unified understanding of key limiting indicators and the controlling factors of soil quality remains lacking due to the dual demands of environmental protection and agricultural production. To address this gap, 621 soil samples were collected across the “One River and Its Two Tributaries” agricultural region on the Tibetan Plateau. Twenty-four soil physicochemical indicators and eight environmental parameters were analyzed to evaluate soil quality and identify the key limiting factors. Meanwhile, the random forest model, correlation analysis, and the structural equation model were used to determine the factors influencing limiting indicator. The results showed that (1) croplands had a mean soil quality index (SQI) of 0.66 with obvious spatial heterogeneity, where eastern, northern, and southern regions exhibited higher SQI values than western and central valley areas. (2) Soil organic matter (SOM) was identified as the primary limiting indicator, with its limiting degree increasing with soil depth. (3) Total nitrogen is the strongest statistical predictor of SOM content in this region, while soil pH negatively impacted SOM. Environmental factors, including fertilizer amount, altitude, and normalized difference vegetation index, positively influenced SOM, whereas temperature and precipitation negatively affected it. (4) The structural equation model revealed effective intervention pathways for addressing SOM deficiency, highlighting targeted measures such as optimizing nitrogen management and increasing organic fertilizer application, particularly in relative lower-altitude areas. This study provides a unified perspective for managing soil quality and offers a potentially replicable framework for similar alpine ecosystems worldwide.
format Article
id doaj-art-e072e80742a24581a61e93407d7e01e9
institution OA Journals
issn 2077-0472
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Agriculture
spelling doaj-art-e072e80742a24581a61e93407d7e01e92025-08-20T02:24:03ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011512125210.3390/agriculture15121252Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan PlateauDianqing Gong0Zhaofeng Wang1Yili Zhang2Bo Wei3Binghua Zhang4Xiaoyang Hu5Min Deng6Changjun Gu7Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Disaster Reduction Center, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, ChinaAssessing cropland soil quality and identifying limiting indicators are crucial in guiding sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fragile agricultural ecosystems. However, a unified understanding of key limiting indicators and the controlling factors of soil quality remains lacking due to the dual demands of environmental protection and agricultural production. To address this gap, 621 soil samples were collected across the “One River and Its Two Tributaries” agricultural region on the Tibetan Plateau. Twenty-four soil physicochemical indicators and eight environmental parameters were analyzed to evaluate soil quality and identify the key limiting factors. Meanwhile, the random forest model, correlation analysis, and the structural equation model were used to determine the factors influencing limiting indicator. The results showed that (1) croplands had a mean soil quality index (SQI) of 0.66 with obvious spatial heterogeneity, where eastern, northern, and southern regions exhibited higher SQI values than western and central valley areas. (2) Soil organic matter (SOM) was identified as the primary limiting indicator, with its limiting degree increasing with soil depth. (3) Total nitrogen is the strongest statistical predictor of SOM content in this region, while soil pH negatively impacted SOM. Environmental factors, including fertilizer amount, altitude, and normalized difference vegetation index, positively influenced SOM, whereas temperature and precipitation negatively affected it. (4) The structural equation model revealed effective intervention pathways for addressing SOM deficiency, highlighting targeted measures such as optimizing nitrogen management and increasing organic fertilizer application, particularly in relative lower-altitude areas. This study provides a unified perspective for managing soil quality and offers a potentially replicable framework for similar alpine ecosystems worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1252soil quality indexsoil organic matterinfluencing factorsstructural equation modelTibetan Plateau
spellingShingle Dianqing Gong
Zhaofeng Wang
Yili Zhang
Bo Wei
Binghua Zhang
Xiaoyang Hu
Min Deng
Changjun Gu
Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
Agriculture
soil quality index
soil organic matter
influencing factors
structural equation model
Tibetan Plateau
title Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
title_full Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
title_fullStr Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
title_full_unstemmed Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
title_short Preliminary Study to Determine the Key Limiting Indicator of Cropland Soil Quality on the Tibetan Plateau
title_sort preliminary study to determine the key limiting indicator of cropland soil quality on the tibetan plateau
topic soil quality index
soil organic matter
influencing factors
structural equation model
Tibetan Plateau
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1252
work_keys_str_mv AT dianqinggong preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT zhaofengwang preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT yilizhang preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT bowei preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT binghuazhang preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT xiaoyanghu preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT mindeng preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau
AT changjungu preliminarystudytodeterminethekeylimitingindicatorofcroplandsoilqualityonthetibetanplateau