An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows

A time-consistent upwind difference scheme with a preconditioned numerical flux for unsteady gas-liquid multiphase flows is presented and applied to the analysis of cavitating flows. The fundamental equations were formulated in general curvilinear coordinates to apply to diverse flow fields. The pre...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tianmu Zhao, Byeongrog Shin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Fluids
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/2/38
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849718587899510784
author Tianmu Zhao
Byeongrog Shin
author_facet Tianmu Zhao
Byeongrog Shin
author_sort Tianmu Zhao
collection DOAJ
description A time-consistent upwind difference scheme with a preconditioned numerical flux for unsteady gas-liquid multiphase flows is presented and applied to the analysis of cavitating flows. The fundamental equations were formulated in general curvilinear coordinates to apply to diverse flow fields. The preconditioning technique was applied specifically to the numerical dissipation terms in the upwinding process without changing the time derivative terms to maintain time consistency. This approach enhances numerical stability in unsteady multiphase flow computations, consistently delivering time-accurate solutions compared to conventional preconditioning methods. A homogeneous gas-liquid two-phase flow model, third-order Runge-Kutta method, and the flux difference splitting upwind scheme coupled with a third-order MUSCL TVD scheme were employed. Numerical tests of two-dimensional gas-liquid single- and two-phase flows over backward-facing step with different step height and flow conditions successfully demonstrated the capability of the present scheme. The calculations remained stable even for flows with a very low Mach number of 0.001, typically considered incompressible flows, and the results were in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, we analyzed unsteady cavitating flows at high Reynolds numbers and confirmed the effectiveness and applicability of the present scheme for calculating unsteady gas-liquid two-phase flows.
format Article
id doaj-art-e06c692419ac4178a8b8570d84272d55
institution DOAJ
issn 2311-5521
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Fluids
spelling doaj-art-e06c692419ac4178a8b8570d84272d552025-08-20T03:12:20ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212025-02-011023810.3390/fluids10020038An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase FlowsTianmu Zhao0Byeongrog Shin1Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanA time-consistent upwind difference scheme with a preconditioned numerical flux for unsteady gas-liquid multiphase flows is presented and applied to the analysis of cavitating flows. The fundamental equations were formulated in general curvilinear coordinates to apply to diverse flow fields. The preconditioning technique was applied specifically to the numerical dissipation terms in the upwinding process without changing the time derivative terms to maintain time consistency. This approach enhances numerical stability in unsteady multiphase flow computations, consistently delivering time-accurate solutions compared to conventional preconditioning methods. A homogeneous gas-liquid two-phase flow model, third-order Runge-Kutta method, and the flux difference splitting upwind scheme coupled with a third-order MUSCL TVD scheme were employed. Numerical tests of two-dimensional gas-liquid single- and two-phase flows over backward-facing step with different step height and flow conditions successfully demonstrated the capability of the present scheme. The calculations remained stable even for flows with a very low Mach number of 0.001, typically considered incompressible flows, and the results were in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, we analyzed unsteady cavitating flows at high Reynolds numbers and confirmed the effectiveness and applicability of the present scheme for calculating unsteady gas-liquid two-phase flows.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/2/38upwind difference schemenumerical dissipationgas-liquid multiphase flowlow Mach numberpreconditioning
spellingShingle Tianmu Zhao
Byeongrog Shin
An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
Fluids
upwind difference scheme
numerical dissipation
gas-liquid multiphase flow
low Mach number
preconditioning
title An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
title_full An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
title_fullStr An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
title_full_unstemmed An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
title_short An Application of Upwind Difference Scheme with Preconditioned Numerical Fluxes to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
title_sort application of upwind difference scheme with preconditioned numerical fluxes to gas liquid two phase flows
topic upwind difference scheme
numerical dissipation
gas-liquid multiphase flow
low Mach number
preconditioning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/2/38
work_keys_str_mv AT tianmuzhao anapplicationofupwinddifferenceschemewithpreconditionednumericalfluxestogasliquidtwophaseflows
AT byeongrogshin anapplicationofupwinddifferenceschemewithpreconditionednumericalfluxestogasliquidtwophaseflows
AT tianmuzhao applicationofupwinddifferenceschemewithpreconditionednumericalfluxestogasliquidtwophaseflows
AT byeongrogshin applicationofupwinddifferenceschemewithpreconditionednumericalfluxestogasliquidtwophaseflows