MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission
Abstract The present study aims at characterizing the habitability conditions of exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere inside the habitable zone of M and F stars, caused by the direct deposition of the stellar wind on the exoplanet surface. Also, the radio emission generated by exoplanets with...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003164 |
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| author | J. Varela A. S. Brun P. Zarka A. Strugarek F. Pantellini V. Réville |
| author_facet | J. Varela A. S. Brun P. Zarka A. Strugarek F. Pantellini V. Réville |
| author_sort | J. Varela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The present study aims at characterizing the habitability conditions of exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere inside the habitable zone of M and F stars, caused by the direct deposition of the stellar wind on the exoplanet surface. Also, the radio emission generated by exoplanets with a Earth‐like magnetosphere is calculated for different space weather conditions. The study is based on a set of MHD simulations performed by the code PLUTO. Exoplanets hosted by M stars at 0.2 au are protected from the stellar wind during regular and coronal mass ejection (CME)‐like space weather conditions if the star rotation period is slower than 3 days. Exoplanets hosted by a F stars at ≥2.5 au are protected during regular space weather conditions, but a stronger magnetic field compared to the Earth is mandatory if the exoplanet is close to the inner edge of the star habitable zone (2.5 au) during CMEs. The range of radio emission values calculated in the simulations are consistent with the scaling proposed by Zarka (2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_22) during regular and common CME‐like space weather conditions. If the radio telescopes measure a relative low radio emission signal with small variability from an exoplanet, that may indicate favorable exoplanet habitability conditions. The radio emission power calculated for exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere is in the range of 3 × 107 to 2 × 1010 W for SW dynamic pressures between 1.5 and 100 nPa and interplanetary magnetic field intensities between 50 and 250 nT, and is below the sensitivity threshold of present radio telescopes at parsec distances. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e06464e5c87848f797fb41732bbc0f1f |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-e06464e5c87848f797fb41732bbc0f1f2025-01-14T16:35:33ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902022-11-012011n/an/a10.1029/2022SW003164MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐EmissionJ. Varela0A. S. Brun1P. Zarka2A. Strugarek3F. Pantellini4V. Réville5Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganes SpainLaboratoire AIM CEA/DRF – CNRS – University Paris Diderot – IRFU/DAp Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette FranceObservatoire de Paris LESIA & USN CNRS PSL/SU/UPMC/UPD/UO Meudon FranceLaboratoire AIM CEA/DRF – CNRS – University Paris Diderot – IRFU/DAp Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette FranceObservatoire de Paris LESIA CNRS Université PSL Sorbonne Université Université de Paris Meudon FranceIRAP CNRS CNES Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier Toulouse FranceAbstract The present study aims at characterizing the habitability conditions of exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere inside the habitable zone of M and F stars, caused by the direct deposition of the stellar wind on the exoplanet surface. Also, the radio emission generated by exoplanets with a Earth‐like magnetosphere is calculated for different space weather conditions. The study is based on a set of MHD simulations performed by the code PLUTO. Exoplanets hosted by M stars at 0.2 au are protected from the stellar wind during regular and coronal mass ejection (CME)‐like space weather conditions if the star rotation period is slower than 3 days. Exoplanets hosted by a F stars at ≥2.5 au are protected during regular space weather conditions, but a stronger magnetic field compared to the Earth is mandatory if the exoplanet is close to the inner edge of the star habitable zone (2.5 au) during CMEs. The range of radio emission values calculated in the simulations are consistent with the scaling proposed by Zarka (2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_22) during regular and common CME‐like space weather conditions. If the radio telescopes measure a relative low radio emission signal with small variability from an exoplanet, that may indicate favorable exoplanet habitability conditions. The radio emission power calculated for exoplanets with an Earth‐like magnetosphere is in the range of 3 × 107 to 2 × 1010 W for SW dynamic pressures between 1.5 and 100 nPa and interplanetary magnetic field intensities between 50 and 250 nT, and is below the sensitivity threshold of present radio telescopes at parsec distances.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003164exoplanetshabitabilityradio emissionM starF star |
| spellingShingle | J. Varela A. S. Brun P. Zarka A. Strugarek F. Pantellini V. Réville MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission Space Weather exoplanets habitability radio emission M star F star |
| title | MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission |
| title_full | MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission |
| title_fullStr | MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission |
| title_full_unstemmed | MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission |
| title_short | MHD Study of Extreme Space Weather Conditions for Exoplanets With Earth‐Like Magnetospheres: On Habitability Conditions and Radio‐Emission |
| title_sort | mhd study of extreme space weather conditions for exoplanets with earth like magnetospheres on habitability conditions and radio emission |
| topic | exoplanets habitability radio emission M star F star |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003164 |
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