Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles

Pedicle screw fixation is a critical technique for stabilizing lumbar fractures in canines, yet the biomechanical implications of insertion angles remain underexplored. This study aims to identify optimal screw trajectories by analyzing stress distribution and deformation patterns in beagle lumbar s...

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Main Authors: Ziyao Zhou, Xiaogang Shi, Jiahui Peng, Xiaoxiao Zhou, Liuqing Yang, Zhijun Zhong, Haifeng Liu, Guangneng Peng, Chengli Zheng, Ming Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/682
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author Ziyao Zhou
Xiaogang Shi
Jiahui Peng
Xiaoxiao Zhou
Liuqing Yang
Zhijun Zhong
Haifeng Liu
Guangneng Peng
Chengli Zheng
Ming Zhang
author_facet Ziyao Zhou
Xiaogang Shi
Jiahui Peng
Xiaoxiao Zhou
Liuqing Yang
Zhijun Zhong
Haifeng Liu
Guangneng Peng
Chengli Zheng
Ming Zhang
author_sort Ziyao Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Pedicle screw fixation is a critical technique for stabilizing lumbar fractures in canines, yet the biomechanical implications of insertion angles remain underexplored. This study aims to identify optimal screw trajectories by analyzing stress distribution and deformation patterns in beagle lumbar segments (L6-L7) using finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D finite element model was reconstructed from CT scans of a healthy beagle, incorporating cortical/cancellous bone, intervertebral disks, and cartilage. Pedicle screws (2.4 mm diameter, 22 mm length) were virtually implanted at angles ranging from 45° to 65°. A 10 N vertical load simulated standing conditions. Equivalent stress and total deformation were evaluated under static loading. The equivalent stress occurred at screw–rod junctions, with maxima at 50° (11.73 MPa) and minima at 58° (3.25 MPa). Total deformation ranged from 0.0033 to 0.0064 mm, with the highest at 55° and the lowest at 54°. The 58° insertion angle demonstrated optimal biomechanical stability with minimal stress concentration, with 56–60° as a biomechanically favorable range for pedicle screw fixation in canine lumbar fractures, balancing stress distribution and deformation control. Future studies should validate these findings in multi-level models and clinical settings.
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spelling doaj-art-e059ea895486404da275b2a4b541ba652025-08-20T02:47:21ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-07-0112768210.3390/vetsci12070682Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion AnglesZiyao Zhou0Xiaogang Shi1Jiahui Peng2Xiaoxiao Zhou3Liuqing Yang4Zhijun Zhong5Haifeng Liu6Guangneng Peng7Chengli Zheng8Ming Zhang9Teaching Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaSichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan 623006, ChinaTeaching Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaChengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, ChinaSichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTeaching Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTeaching Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTeaching Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaSichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaPedicle screw fixation is a critical technique for stabilizing lumbar fractures in canines, yet the biomechanical implications of insertion angles remain underexplored. This study aims to identify optimal screw trajectories by analyzing stress distribution and deformation patterns in beagle lumbar segments (L6-L7) using finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D finite element model was reconstructed from CT scans of a healthy beagle, incorporating cortical/cancellous bone, intervertebral disks, and cartilage. Pedicle screws (2.4 mm diameter, 22 mm length) were virtually implanted at angles ranging from 45° to 65°. A 10 N vertical load simulated standing conditions. Equivalent stress and total deformation were evaluated under static loading. The equivalent stress occurred at screw–rod junctions, with maxima at 50° (11.73 MPa) and minima at 58° (3.25 MPa). Total deformation ranged from 0.0033 to 0.0064 mm, with the highest at 55° and the lowest at 54°. The 58° insertion angle demonstrated optimal biomechanical stability with minimal stress concentration, with 56–60° as a biomechanically favorable range for pedicle screw fixation in canine lumbar fractures, balancing stress distribution and deformation control. Future studies should validate these findings in multi-level models and clinical settings.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/682canine lumbar spinefinite element analysispedicle screw fixationinsertion anglebiomechanical stability
spellingShingle Ziyao Zhou
Xiaogang Shi
Jiahui Peng
Xiaoxiao Zhou
Liuqing Yang
Zhijun Zhong
Haifeng Liu
Guangneng Peng
Chengli Zheng
Ming Zhang
Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles
Veterinary Sciences
canine lumbar spine
finite element analysis
pedicle screw fixation
insertion angle
biomechanical stability
title Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles
title_full Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles
title_fullStr Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles
title_full_unstemmed Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles
title_short Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Canine Lumbar Fractures with Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Angles
title_sort finite element analysis of stress distribution in canine lumbar fractures with different pedicle screw insertion angles
topic canine lumbar spine
finite element analysis
pedicle screw fixation
insertion angle
biomechanical stability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/682
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