Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain
In recent years, there has been an annual deterioration in the phytosanitary condition of crops. One of the main factors of this phenomenon was the destabilization of the land use system and the disturbance or absence of crop rotations, which led to a high potential soil contamination by weeds and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Publishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/281 |
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| _version_ | 1849245555500253184 |
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| author | О. V. SNIZHOK |
| author_facet | О. V. SNIZHOK |
| author_sort | О. V. SNIZHOK |
| collection | DOAJ |
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In recent years, there has been an annual deterioration in the phytosanitary condition of crops. One of the main factors of this phenomenon was the destabilization of the land use system and the disturbance or absence of crop rotations, which led to a high potential soil contamination by weeds and the accumulation of pests and diseases.
The article presents the results of research to determine the impact of different tillages and protection systems on the species composition of weeds, diseases and pests in maize crops, which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation.
Studies are conducted on the general background of fertilizer in the norms recommended for crop rotation in the region.
The use of shelf tillage contributed to a faster passage of the phases of development of maize plants by 3-4 days, compared to non-shelf tillage.
It is established that tillage has a significant impact on the accumulation of pests, in particular, it is clearly traced by the number of weeds. The largest number of weeds was observed in the variants without herbicide spraying by surfacial soil cultivation and amounted to 545.6 pc./m2, which is 2 times higher than by the shelf tillage (277.1 pc./m2). That is, after moldboard tillage and spraying with herbicides, the number of weeds was 96,8% lower compared to the control. A slightly smaller difference in the influence of soil cultivation was monitored on the development and spread of diseases and pests. Against them, the main deterrent was still chemical protection. In the variants without insecticide, the population of maize hairy aphids was 85%. The use of Belt (0.15 l/ha) made it possible to reduce the plant pest population by 3.5 times.
Technical efficiency of fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) against fusarium was at the level of 87.1-90.0%, gray rot – 78.3-80.1% and helminthosporiosis 79.4-81.4%, depending on the tillage.
The 20-22 cm shelf- and 10-12 cm surfacial processing systems ensured corn yields of 6.90 and 6.28 t/ha of grain, respectively, compared to the 6-8 cm non-dump system (5.36 t/ha). However, the combination of treatment with an intensive protection system allowed to increase the yield to 11.83 and 10.63 t/ha.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e059a9fc25ee4557b8d999aa24e8341d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0130-8521 2786-5231 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Publishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво |
| spelling | doaj-art-e059a9fc25ee4557b8d999aa24e8341d2025-08-20T03:58:45ZengPublishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAASПередгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво0130-85212786-52312021-12-0170210.32636/01308521.2021-(70)-2-5Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grainО. V. SNIZHOK0Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS In recent years, there has been an annual deterioration in the phytosanitary condition of crops. One of the main factors of this phenomenon was the destabilization of the land use system and the disturbance or absence of crop rotations, which led to a high potential soil contamination by weeds and the accumulation of pests and diseases. The article presents the results of research to determine the impact of different tillages and protection systems on the species composition of weeds, diseases and pests in maize crops, which were held in 2019 - 2020 on the territory of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS in 4-field crop rotation. Studies are conducted on the general background of fertilizer in the norms recommended for crop rotation in the region. The use of shelf tillage contributed to a faster passage of the phases of development of maize plants by 3-4 days, compared to non-shelf tillage. It is established that tillage has a significant impact on the accumulation of pests, in particular, it is clearly traced by the number of weeds. The largest number of weeds was observed in the variants without herbicide spraying by surfacial soil cultivation and amounted to 545.6 pc./m2, which is 2 times higher than by the shelf tillage (277.1 pc./m2). That is, after moldboard tillage and spraying with herbicides, the number of weeds was 96,8% lower compared to the control. A slightly smaller difference in the influence of soil cultivation was monitored on the development and spread of diseases and pests. Against them, the main deterrent was still chemical protection. In the variants without insecticide, the population of maize hairy aphids was 85%. The use of Belt (0.15 l/ha) made it possible to reduce the plant pest population by 3.5 times. Technical efficiency of fungicide Retengo (0.5 l/ha) against fusarium was at the level of 87.1-90.0%, gray rot – 78.3-80.1% and helminthosporiosis 79.4-81.4%, depending on the tillage. The 20-22 cm shelf- and 10-12 cm surfacial processing systems ensured corn yields of 6.90 and 6.28 t/ha of grain, respectively, compared to the 6-8 cm non-dump system (5.36 t/ha). However, the combination of treatment with an intensive protection system allowed to increase the yield to 11.83 and 10.63 t/ha. https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/281tillageshelfshallowsurfacialmaizespecies composition |
| spellingShingle | О. V. SNIZHOK Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво tillage shelf shallow surfacial maize species composition |
| title | Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain |
| title_full | Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain |
| title_short | Efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain |
| title_sort | efficiency of the protection system and treatment of the soil against harmful organisms in the maize crops for grain |
| topic | tillage shelf shallow surfacial maize species composition |
| url | https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/281 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ovsnizhok efficiencyoftheprotectionsystemandtreatmentofthesoilagainstharmfulorganismsinthemaizecropsforgrain |